# US 8,540,784 B2 · Fuel compositions

> Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt

- Number: US 8,540,784 B2
- Document ID: US8540784B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/766,801
- Filed: 2010-04-23
- Published: 2011-10-27
- Granted: 2013-09-24
- Earliest claimed: 2010-04-23
- Assignees: Tellus Renewables LLC
- Applicants: Brent Siemssen; Joel Edmonds
- Inventors: Brent Siemssen; Joel Edmonds
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8540784B2

## CPC

- C10L 10/08: for improving lubricity; for reducing wear
- C10L 1/026: {for compression ignition}
- C10L 1/14: Organic compounds
- C10L 10/00: Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes (additives for liquid carbonaceous fuels characterised by their chemical nature C10L1/10; using binders for briquetting solid fuels C10L5/10; using additives to improve the combustion of solid fuels C10L9/10)
- C10L 10/02: for reducing smoke development
- C10G 2300/1014: of vegetal origin
- C10L 1/1608: {Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene}
- C10L 1/1616: {fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine}
- C10L 1/1802: {natural products, e.g. waxes, extracts, fatty oils}
- C10L 1/1824: {mono-hydroxy}
- C10L 1/1826: {poly-hydroxy}
- C10L 1/1832: {mono-hydroxy (C10L1/1802, C10L1/1805, C10L1/1808, C10L1/1811, C10L1/1814, C10L1/1817, C10L1/1828 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/1852: {Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Orthoesters}
- C10L 1/1855: {Cyclic ethers, e.g. epoxides, lactides, lactones}
- C10L 1/1857: {Aldehydes; Ketones}
- C10L 1/191: {of di- or polyhydroxyalcohols}
- C10L 1/223: having at least one amino group bound to an aromatic carbon atom {(C10L1/221, C10L1/2227 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/2283: {containing one or more carbon to nitrogen double bonds, e.g. guanidine, hydrazone, semi-carbazone, azomethine (C10L1/221, C10L1/226 take precedence)}
- C10L 1/231: {nitro compounds; nitrates; nitrites (C10L1/221 takes precedence)}
- C10L 2200/0446: Diesel
- C10L 2200/0484: Vegetable or animal oils
- C10L 2230/081: Anti-oxidants
- C10L 2230/086: Demulsifiers
- C10L 2270/026: for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine
- C10L 2290/00: Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L 2290/54: Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- C10L 2290/547: Filtration for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
- Y02P 30/20: using bio-feedstock
- C10L: FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
- C10G: CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION (cracking to hydrogen or synthesis gas C01B; cracking or pyrolysis of hydrocarbon gases to individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution C07C; cracking to cokes C10B); RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- Y02P: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS

## Abstract

The present invention provides hybrid diesel fuels and methods for manufacturing hybrid diesel fuels. In embodiments, fuel compositions comprise at least one petrochemical fuel, at least one biosynthetic oil and at least one stabilizer mixture. The percentage by volume of the petrochemical fuel can be greater than 0% and less than 100%, and the percentage by volume of the stabilizer mixture can be between about 0.001% and about 0.5%.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A fuel composition for diesel engines comprising:
at least one petrochemical fuel;
at least one biosynthetic oil; and
at least one stabilizer mixture,
wherein the percentage of the at least one stabilizer mixture is about 0.001% to about 0.5% by volume, and wherein the at least one stabilizer mixture comprises: acetone; 3-butyl-3-methylnitrate propane; sorbitan mono-9-octadecenol; sorbitan tri-9-octadecenol; 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane; 2 butoxyethanol; 2-butylbutanol; heavy aromatic naphthas; 1-methylbenzene; dimethyl benzenes; methyldipropylene glycol; methyldipropylene propanol; alkylalkyloxy alkanol; 2-ethylhexl nitrate; octyl nitrate; 2 ethylhexanol; antioxidants; and polydentate metal deactivators.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the biosynthetic oil is selected from the group consisting of peanut oil, vegetable shortening, cottonseed oil, soy oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, palm oil, waste vegetable oil, tallow, lard, yellow grease, brown grease, jatropha oil, copra oil, coconut oil and camelina oil.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the petrochemical fuel is selected from the group consisting of Diesel Number 1, Diesel Number 2, and Farm Diesel.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the biosynthetic oil is up to 99.99% by volume of the fuel composition.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, where the stabilizer mixture further comprises by volume about 2% to about 40% of one or more cetane enhancers, about 9% to about 60% of one or more demulsifiers, about 1% to about 70% of one or more detergents, and about 1% to about 5% of one or more antigellants.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the stabilizer mixture comprises, by volume: acetone, about 2% to about 7%; 3-butyl-3-methylnitrate propane, about 32% to 55%; sorbitan mono-9-octadecenol, about 1% to about 6%; sorbitan tri-9-octadecenol, about 1% to 6%; 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane, about 0.1% to 9%; 2 butoxyethanol, about 4% to 13%; 2-butylbutanol, about 0.25% to 5%; heavy aromatic naphthas, about 4% to 17%; 1-methylbenzene, about 0.3% to 6%; dimethyl benzenes, zero up to about 13%; methyldipropylene glycol, about 11% to 24%; methyldipropylene propanol, less than about 1% to 26%; alkylalkyloxy alkanol, about 0.1% to about 24%; 2-ethylhexl nitrate, about 18% to 45%; octyl nitrate, about 2% to 15%; 2 ethylhexanol, less than about 1% to about 3%; antioxidants, about 1% to 5%; polydentate metal deactivators, less than about 1%.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The fuel composition of claim 6, wherein the antioxidants include one or more of N,N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, ortho-ter-butylphenol, BHT and BHA.

### Claim 8 (depends on 6)

The fuel composition of claim 6, wherein the polydentate metal deactivators include one or more of N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel composition, upon combustion of said fuel composition in a diesel engine, prevents the loss of horse power and torque of said diesel engine compared to Diesel Number 1 fuel or Diesel Number 2 fuel.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel composition, upon combustion of said fuel composition in a diesel engine, prevents abnormal wear to said engine compared to Diesel Number 1 fuel or Diesel Number 2 fuel.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel composition, upon combustion of said fuel composition in a diesel engine, reduces sulfur emissions of said diesel compared to Diesel Number 1 fuel or Diesel Number 2 fuel.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the biosynthetic oil comprises at least one recycled vegetable oil.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the biosynthetic oil comprises at least one recycled animal oil.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the biosynthetic oil comprises virgin oil.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the fuel composition, upon combustion of said fuel composition in a diesel engine, lubricates said diesel engine and various working parts of the diesel engine equally or better than another diesel engine and various working parts of the another diesel engine lubricated with Diesel Number 1 fuel or Diesel Number 2 fuel.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the components of the stabilizer mixture comprises components selected from the group consisting of: at least one additive that, upon combustion of said fuel composition, maintains cetane levels at or above petroleum fuel requirements for Diesel Number 2 fuel; at least one additive that, upon combustion of said fuel composition fuel, maintains and cleans oil solids from injectors and fuel systems; at least one additive that, upon combustion of said fuel composition, maintains lubrication of internal combustion engines and their parts; at least one additive that, upon combustion of said fuel composition fuel, removes or separates water from said at least one fuel and said fuel composition; at least one additive that, upon combustion of said fuel composition, prevents gelling of said fuel composition; and at least one additive that, upon combustion of said fuel composition, prevents oxidation of said fuel composition.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the stabilizer mixture comprises at least one additive that, upon combustion of said fuel composition, prevents the oxidation of the fuel composition.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, further comprising:
greater than about zero and less than 100% by volume of at least one petroleum fuel;
up to about 99.9% by volume of at least one biosynthetic oil; and
about 0.001% to 0.5% by volume of a stabilizer mixture that,
upon combustion of said fuel composition, enables the fuel composition to reach the same or higher lubricity, pour rate, and/or flow rate as Diesel Number 1 fuel or Diesel Number 2 fuel.

### Claim 19 (depends on 18)

The fuel composition of claim 18, wherein the biosynthetic oil is selected from the group consisting of peanut oil, vegetable shortening, cottonseed oil, soy oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, palm oil, waste vegetable oil, brown grease, jatropha oil, copra oil, coconut oil, camelina oil, tallow, lard, and yellow grease.

### Claim 20 (depends on 18)

The fuel composition of claim 18, wherein the petrochemical fuel is selected from the group consisting of Diesel Number 1, Diesel Number 2 and Farm Diesel.

### Claim 21 (depends on 18)

The fuel composition of claim 18, wherein the stabilizer mixture further comprises, by volume, about 2% to about 40% of one or more cetane enhancers, about 9% to about 60% of one or more demulsifiers, about 1% to about 70% of one or more detergents, and about 1% to about 5% of one or more antigellants.

### Claim 22 (depends on 18)

The fuel composition of claim 18, wherein the stabilizer mixture comprises, by volume: acetone, about 2% to about 7%; 3-butyl-3-methylnitrate propane, about 32% to 55%; sorbitan mono-9-octadecenol, about 1% to about 6%; sorbitan tri-9-octadecenol, about 1% to 6%; 1-hydroxy-3,6-dioxaoctane, about 0.1% to 9%; 2 butoxyethanol, about 4% to 13%; 2-butylbutanol, about 0.25% to 5%; heavy aromatic naphthas, about 4% to 17%; 1-methylbenzene, about 0.3% to 6%; dimethyl benzenes, zero up to about 13%; methyldipropylene glycol, about 11% to 24%; methyldipropylene propanol, less than about 1% to 26%; alkylalkyloxy alkanol, about 0.1% to about 24%; 2-ethylhexl nitrate, about 18% to 45%; octyl nitrate, about 2% to 15%; 2 ethylhexanol, less than about 1% to about 3%; antioxidants selected from the group consisting of N,N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, ortho-ter-butylphenol, BHT and BHA, about 1% to 5%; polydentate metal deactivator(s) selected from the group consisting of N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane, less than about 1%.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the polydentate metal deactivators include one or more of N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-cyclohexanediamine and N,N′-disalicylidene-1,2-diaminopropane.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The fuel composition of claim 1, wherein the antioxidants include one or more of N,N′-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylenediamine, ortho-ter-butylphenol, BHT and BHA.