# US 8,540,629 B2 · Continuous monitoring of stress using a stress profile created by renal doppler sonography

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- Number: US 8,540,629 B2
- Document ID: US8540629B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/107,746
- Filed: 2011-05-13
- Published: 2012-11-15
- Granted: 2013-09-24
- Earliest claimed: 2011-05-13
- Assignees: Fujitsu Limited
- Applicants: Jawahar Jain; David Loren Marvit; Shreyans Gandhi; Madan Bahadur
- Inventors: Jawahar Jain; David Loren Marvit; Shreyans Gandhi; Madan Bahadur
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8540629B2

## CPC

- A61B 5/165: {Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety}
- A61B 5/0022: {Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet}
- A61B 5/0024: {for multiple sensor units attached to the patient, e.g. using a body or personal area network}
- G16H 40/67: for remote operation
- A61B 5/7232: {involving compression of the physiological signal, e.g. to extend the signal recording period}
- A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D)
- G16H: HEALTHCARE INFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE HANDLING OR PROCESSING OF MEDICAL OR HEALTHCARE DATA

## Abstract

In particular embodiments, a method includes accessing data streams from one or more of a heart-rate monitor, a blood-pressure monitor, a pulse oximeter, a mood sensor, or an accelerometer monitoring a person, accessing a stress model, analyzing the data streams with respect to the stress model, and determining based on the analysis a current stress index of the person.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method comprising, by one or more processors associated with one or more computing devices:
accessing, by one or more of the processors, one or more data streams from a plurality of sensors, the sensors comprising two or more of a heart-rate monitor, a blood-pressure monitor, a pulse oximeter, a mood sensor, or an accelerometer, the data streams comprising one or more of heart-rate data of a person from the heart-rate monitor, blood-pressure data of the person from the blood-pressure monitor, pulse-oximetry data of the person from the pulse oximeter, self-reported mood data of the person from the mood sensor, or accelerometer data of the person from the accelerometer;
accessing, by one or more of the processors, a stress model, the stress model comprising baseline renal-Doppler data and two or more of baseline heart-rate data, baseline blood-pressure data, baseline pulse-oximetry data, or baseline self-reported mood data, wherein the baseline-renal-Doppler data measures a stress response of the sympathetic nervous system, and the stress model correlates the baseline renal-Doppler data with two or more of the baseline heart-rate data, the baseline blood-pressure data, the baseline pulse-oximetry data, or the baseline self-reported mood data;
analyzing, by one or more of the processors, the data streams with respect to the stress model; and
determining, by one or more of the processors, based on the analysis a current stress index of the person.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the sensors is affixed to the person's body.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the baseline renal-Doppler data is renal-blood-velocity data.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the baseline renal-Doppler data is renal-blood-flow data.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stress model is a stress model of the person and comprises baseline data of the person.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stress model is a stress model of a second person and comprises baseline data of the second person, wherein the person and the second person are in the same subset of patients.

### Claim 7 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stress model is a stress model of a subset of patients and comprises baseline data of the subset of patients, wherein the person and the subset of patients share particular distinguishing characteristics.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the data streams comprise heart-rate data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the heart-rate data of the person.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the data streams comprise blood-pressure data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the blood-pressure data of the person.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the data streams comprise pulse-oximetry data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the pulse-oximetry data of the person.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the data streams comprise self-reported mood data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the self-reported mood data of the person.

### Claim 12 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stress model comprises an algorithm that comprises a plurality of variables based on two or more of the heart-rate data of the person, the blood-pressure data of the person, the pulse-oximetry data of the person, or the self-reported mood data of the person.

### Claim 13 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stress model comprises the baseline self-reported mood data and wherein the baseline self-reported mood data is used to validate the stress model of the person.

### Claim 14 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the stress model comprises the baseline self-reported mood data and wherein the baseline self-reported mood data is used to identify correlations between a stress index of a person with one or more of the baseline renal-Doppler data, the baseline heart-rate data, the baseline blood-pressure data, or the baseline pulse-oximetry data.

### Claim 15 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is exposed to a particular stressor; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is not exposed to the particular stressor.

### Claim 16 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is substantially stressed; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is substantially unstressed.

### Claim 17 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is engaged in a first activity; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is engaged in a second activity.

### Claim 18 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a behavioral sensor; and
the data streams further comprise behavioral data of the person from the behavioral sensor.

### Claim 19 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise an electrocardiograph; and
the data streams further comprise electrocardiograph data of the person from the electrocardiograph.

### Claim 20 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a glucocorticoid meter; and
the data streams further comprise glucocorticoid data of the person from the glucocorticoid meter.

### Claim 21 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise an electromyograph; and
the data streams further comprise electromyograph data of the person from the electromyograph.

### Claim 22 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a respiration sensor; and
the data streams further comprise respiration data of the person from the respiration sensor.

### Claim 23 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a galvanic-skin-response sensor; and
the data streams further comprise galvanic-skin-response data of the person from the galvanic-skin-response sensor.

### Claim 24 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein determining based on the analysis the stress index of the person comprises determining based on the analysis whether the data streams indicate a change in the person's stress index compared to a prior stress index of the person that precedes the current stress index of the person.

### Claim 25 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
accessing a prior stress index of the person that precedes the current stress index of the person;
analyzing the current stress index and prior stress index of the person with respect to each other; and
determining whether there is a change in the stress index of the person based on the analysis of the current stress index and the prior stress index with respect to each other.

### Claim 26

An apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and a memory coupled to the processors comprising instructions executable by the processors, the processors operable when executing the instructions to:
access one or more data streams from a plurality of sensors, the sensors comprising two or more of a heart-rate monitor, a blood-pressure monitor, a pulse oximeter, a mood sensor, or an accelerometer, the data streams comprising one or more of heart-rate data of a person from the heart-rate monitor, blood-pressure data of the person from the blood-pressure monitor, pulse-oximetry data of the person from the pulse oximeter, self-reported mood data of the person from the mood sensor, or accelerometer data of the person from the accelerometer;
access a stress model, the stress model comprising baseline renal-Doppler data and two or more of baseline heart-rate data, baseline blood-pressure data, baseline pulse-oximetry data, or baseline self-reported mood data, wherein the baseline-renal-Doppler data measures a stress response of the sympathetic nervous system, and the stress model correlates the baseline renal-Doppler data with two or more of the baseline heart-rate data, the baseline blood-pressure data, the baseline pulse-oximetry data, or the baseline self-reported mood data;
analyze the data streams with respect to the stress model; and
determine based on the analysis a current stress index of the person.

### Claim 27 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein one or more of the sensors is affixed to the person's body.

### Claim 28 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the baseline renal-Doppler data is renal-blood-velocity data.

### Claim 29 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the baseline renal-Doppler data is renal-blood-flow data.

### Claim 30 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stress model is a stress model of the person and comprises baseline data of the person.

### Claim 31 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stress model is a stress model of a second person and comprises baseline data of the second person, wherein the person and the second person are in the same subset of patients.

### Claim 32 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stress model is a stress model of a subset of patients and comprises baseline data of the subset of patients, wherein the person and the subset of patients share particular distinguishing characteristics.

### Claim 33 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the data streams comprise heart-rate data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the heart-rate data of the person.

### Claim 34 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the data streams comprise blood-pressure data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the blood-pressure data of the person.

### Claim 35 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the data streams comprise pulse-oximetry data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the pulse-oximetry data of the person.

### Claim 36 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the data streams comprise self-reported mood data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the self-reported mood data of the person.

### Claim 37 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stress model comprises an algorithm that comprises a plurality of variables based on two or more of the heart-rate data of the person, the blood-pressure data of the person, the pulse-oximetry data of the person, or the self-reported mood data of the person.

### Claim 38 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stress model comprises the baseline self-reported mood data and wherein the baseline self-reported mood data is used to validate the stress model of the person.

### Claim 39 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein the stress model comprises the baseline self-reported mood data and wherein the baseline self-reported mood data is used to identify correlations between a stress index of a person with one or more of the baseline renal-Doppler data, the baseline heart-rate data, the baseline blood-pressure data, or the baseline pulse-oximetry data.

### Claim 40 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is exposed to a particular stressor; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is not exposed to the particular stressor.

### Claim 41 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is substantially stressed; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is substantially unstressed.

### Claim 42 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is engaged in a first activity; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is engaged in a second activity.

### Claim 43 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a behavioral sensor; and
the data streams further comprise behavioral data of the person from the behavioral sensor.

### Claim 44 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise an electrocardiograph; and
the data streams further comprise electrocardiograph data of the person from the electrocardiograph.

### Claim 45 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a glucocorticoid meter; and
the data streams further comprise glucocorticoid data of the person from the glucocorticoid meter.

### Claim 46 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise an electromyograph; and
the data streams further comprise electromyograph data of the person from the electromyograph.

### Claim 47 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a respiration sensor; and
the data streams further comprise respiration data of the person from the respiration sensor.

### Claim 48 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a galvanic-skin-response sensor; and
the data streams further comprise galvanic-skin-response data of the person from the galvanic-skin-response sensor.

### Claim 49 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, wherein to determine based on the analysis the stress index of the person comprises to determine based on the analysis whether the data streams indicate a change in the person's stress index compared to a prior stress index of the person that precedes the current stress index of the person.

### Claim 50 (depends on 26)

The apparatus of claim 26, the apparatus further operable when executing instructions to:
access a prior stress index of the person that precedes the current stress index of the person;
analyze the current stress index and prior stress index of the person with respect to each other; and
determine whether there is a change in the stress index of the person based on the analysis of the current stress index and the prior stress index with respect to each other.

### Claim 51

One or more computer-readable non-transitory storage media embodying software that is operable when executed to:
access one or more data streams from a plurality of sensors, the sensors comprising two or more of a heart-rate monitor, a blood-pressure monitor, a pulse oximeter, a mood sensor, or an accelerometer, the data streams comprising one or more of heart-rate data of a person from the heart-rate monitor, blood-pressure data of the person from the blood-pressure monitor, pulse-oximetry data of the person from the pulse oximeter, self-reported mood data of the person from the mood sensor, or accelerometer data of the person from the accelerometer;
access a stress model, the stress model comprising baseline renal-Doppler data and two or more of baseline heart-rate data, baseline blood-pressure data, baseline pulse-oximetry data, or baseline self-reported mood data, wherein the baseline-renal-Doppler data measures a stress response of the sympathetic nervous system, and the stress model correlates the baseline renal-Doppler data with two or more of the baseline heart-rate data, the baseline blood-pressure data, the baseline pulse-oximetry data, or the baseline self-reported mood data;
analyze the data streams with respect to the stress model; and
determine based on the analysis a current stress index of the person.

### Claim 52 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein one or more of the sensors is affixed to the person's body.

### Claim 53 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the baseline renal-Doppler data is renal-blood-velocity data.

### Claim 54 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the baseline renal-Doppler data is renal-blood-flow data.

### Claim 55 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the stress model is a stress model of the person and comprises baseline data of the person.

### Claim 56 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the stress model is a stress model of a second person and comprises baseline data of the second person, wherein the person and the second person are in the same subset of patients.

### Claim 57 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the stress model is a stress model of a subset of patients and comprises baseline data of the subset of patients, wherein the person and the subset of patients share particular distinguishing characteristics.

### Claim 58 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the data streams comprise heart-rate data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the heart-rate data of the person.

### Claim 59 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the data streams comprise blood-pressure data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the blood-pressure data of the person.

### Claim 60 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the data streams comprise pulse-oximetry data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the pulse-oximetry data of the person.

### Claim 61 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the data streams comprise self-reported mood data of the person and wherein the stress model correlates a stress index of the person with the self-reported mood data of the person.

### Claim 62 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the stress model comprises an algorithm that comprises a plurality of variables based on two or more of the heart-rate data of the person, the blood-pressure data of the person, the pulse-oximetry data of the person, or the self-reported mood data of the person.

### Claim 63 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the stress model comprises the baseline self-reported mood data and wherein the baseline self-reported mood data is used to validate the stress model of the person.

### Claim 64 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein the stress model comprises the baseline self-reported mood data and wherein the baseline self-reported mood data is used to identify correlations between a stress index of a person with one or more of the baseline renal-Doppler data, the baseline heart-rate data, the baseline blood-pressure data, or the baseline pulse-oximetry data.

### Claim 65 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is exposed to a particular stressor; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is not exposed to the particular stressor.

### Claim 66 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is substantially stressed; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is substantially unstressed.

### Claim 67 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
a first set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is engaged in a first activity; and
a second set of data from the data streams was collected from the person when the person is engaged in a second activity.

### Claim 68 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a behavioral sensor; and
the data streams further comprise behavioral data of the person from the behavioral sensor.

### Claim 69 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise an electrocardiograph; and
the data streams further comprise electrocardiograph data of the person from the electrocardiograph.

### Claim 70 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a glucocorticoid meter; and
the data streams further comprise glucocorticoid data of the person from the glucocorticoid meter.

### Claim 71 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise an electromyograph; and
the data streams further comprise electromyograph data of the person from the electromyograph.

### Claim 72 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a respiration sensor; and
the data streams further comprise respiration data of the person from the respiration sensor.

### Claim 73 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein:
the plurality of sensors further comprise a galvanic-skin-response sensor; and
the data streams further comprise galvanic-skin-response data of the person from the galvanic-skin-response sensor.

### Claim 74 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, wherein to determine based on the analysis the stress index of the person comprises to determine based on the analysis whether the data streams indicate a change in the person's stress index compared to a prior stress index of the person that precedes the current stress index of the person.

### Claim 75 (depends on 51)

The media of claim 51, the media embodying instructions that are further operable when executed to:
access a prior stress index of the person that precedes the current stress index of the person;
analyze the current stress index and prior stress index of the person with respect to each other; and
determine whether there is a change in the stress index of the person based on the analysis of the current stress index and the prior stress index with respect to each other.