# US 8,540,224 B2 · Variable amplitude sine wave spring > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,540,224 B2 - Document ID: US8540224B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 13/297,504 - Filed: 2011-11-16 - Published: 2012-05-24 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2010-09-29 - Applicants: Walker Lee Guthrie - Inventors: Walker Lee Guthrie - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8540224B2 ## CPC - F16L 55/035: in the form of specially adapted hangers or supports - B60G 11/00: Resilient suspensions characterised by arrangement, location or kind of springs (single wheel suspension by pivoted arm resilient in itself B60G3/00; adjusting spring characteristic B60G17/00; springs per se F16F) - B60N 2/24: for particular purposes or particular vehicles - B60N 2/4242: {vertical} - B60N 2/42709: {involving residual deformation or fracture of the structure} - B60N 2/54: using mechanical springs - B60R 19/18: {characterised by the cross-section;} Means within the bumper to absorb impact - F16F 1/185: {characterised by shape or design of individual leaves (F16F1/22 takes precedence)} - F16F 3/023: {composed only of leaf springs} - F16L 3/20: allowing movement in transverse direction - F41C 23/08: Recoil absorbing pads - G01G 3/08: wherein the weighing element is in the form of a leaf spring - G01L 1/00: Measuring force or stress, in general (measuring force due to impact G01L5/00) - B60G 2202/00: Indexing codes relating to the type of spring, damper or actuator - B60R 2019/1866: {Cellular structures} - G01G 19/02: for weighing wheeled or rolling bodies, e.g. vehicles - G01G 19/08: for incorporation in vehicles - G01G 19/44: for weighing persons - F16L: PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL - B60G: VEHICLE SUSPENSION ARRANGEMENTS (air-cushion vehicles B60V; {cycle suspensions B62K25/00}) - B60N: SEATS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES; VEHICLE PASSENGER ACCOMMODATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - B60R: VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR - F16F: SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION - F41C: SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES (functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F41A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F41B); ACCESSORIES THEREFOR - G01G: WEIGHING (sorting by weighing B07C5/16) - G01L: MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE (weighing G01G) ## Abstract A spring is formed of a relatively thin sheet of spring material, which is constricted and held in place at each end forming a bell curve being located between two substantially planar members. As additional compressive force is applied in the vertical direction, the curve then compresses and starts to form sine waves. In an improved embodiment of the present invention, the sine wave spring is formed in a wedge shape, so that it is gradually taller and more progressive. This embodiment has been tested for use as a trailer spring with positive results. This wedge-shaped sine wave spring provides even more advantages over the Prior Art. The wedge-shaped prototype illustrates also how the present invention may be expanded to other shapes, in order to alter the spring characteristics, and also for packaging and other concerns. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A spring assembly comprising at least one variable amplitude sine wave spring, each of the at least one variable amplitude sine wave springs comprising: a lower platen having first and second spring stops located at a predetermined distance apart on the face thereof; a flat flexible spring material having a length greater than the predetermined distance between the first and second spring stops, the flat flexible material placed on the lower platen between the first and second spring stops and fixed only to the first and second spring stops such that the spring material forms at least one bowed portion extending away from the lower platen, when the flat flexible spring material is placed on the first and second spring stops, the at least one bowed portion not fixed to either of the upper or lower platen; and an upper platen, hinged to and non-parallel to the lower platen and placed atop the flat flexible spring material and in contact with the at least one bowed portion of the flat flexible spring material, the upper platen being hinged to the lower platen at one end such that another end of the upper platen may move relative to the lower platen such that, as force is applied to the upper platen toward the lower platen, the flat flexible spring material is compressed to thereby form additional bowed portions over the length of the flat flexible spring material of variable height extending between the lower platen and upper platen in response to the force applied between the upper platen and lower platen, and as the force is removed from the upper platen, the flat flexible spring material rebounds, forming fewer bowed portions of variable height in response to release of the force applied between the upper platen and the lower platen. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The spring assembly of claim 1, wherein the flat flexible spring material comprises one or more of biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate, spring steel, hardened and tempered aluminum, and epoxy impregnated carbon fiber. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The spring assembly of claim 1, wherein the first and second spring stops are located a distance BFix apart from one another, and the flat flexible spring material has a length BMat substantially equal to one and one-sixteenth BFix. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The spring assembly of claim 1, wherein force needed to compress the at least one sine wave spring is defined by the formula: F=(E*m*n)/r, where F is the force or load on the spring, r is a factor based on the radius of curvature of the shoulders, n is the total number of “node shoulders” per phase, defined as the number of corners formed in the flat flexible spring material, when the at least one bowed portion is compressed, m is a predetermined factor based on the thickness and width of the material used, and E is Young's modulus of elasticity. ### Claim 5 A spring assembly comprising at least one variable amplitude sine wave spring, each of the at least one sine variable amplitude wave springs comprising: a lower platen having first and second spring stops located at a predetermined distance apart on the face thereof; a flat flexible spring material having a length greater than the predetermined distance between the first and second spring stops, the flat flexible spring material placed on the lower platen between the first and second spring stops and fixed only to the first and second spring stops such that in such a manner than the flat flexible spring material forms at least one bowed portion extending away from the lower platen, when the flat flexible spring material is placed on the first and second spring stops, the at least one bowed portion not fixed to either of the upper or lower platen; and an upper platen, hinged to and non-parallel to the lower platen and placed atop the flat flexible spring material and in contact with the at least one bowed portion of the flat flexible spring material, the upper platen being hinged to the lower platen at one end such that another end of the upper platen may move relative to the lower platen such that as the force is applied to the upper platen is brought toward the lower platen, the flat flexible spring material forms additional bowed portions of variable height in response to the force applied between the upper lower platen and upper lower platen, and as the force is removed from the upper platen, the flat flexible spring material rebounds, forming fewer bowed portions of variable height in response to release of the force applied between the upper platen and the lower platen, wherein the spring assembly comprises a pair of variable amplitude sine wave springs stacked together, wherein the upper platen of a first of the pair of the variable amplitude sine wave springs and the upper platen of the second of the pair of the variable amplitude sine wave springs are combined into a single platen, such that a first portion of the first of the variable amplitude sine wave springs having a lower amplitude faces a second portion of the second of the variable amplitude sine wave springs having a higher amplitude. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The spring assembly of claim 5, further comprising a retainer for retaining the plurality of variable amplitude sine wave springs when not under load. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly is formed as a crash barrier, placing the first and second platens in a vertical orientation to form a compressible upright barrier. ### Claim 8 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms a recoil mechanism for a weapon, the spring assembly mounted into a weapon stock. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms an automotive suspension the spring assembly mounted between a frame and an axle of a vehicle. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms an energy absorbent bumper assembly, mounted between a frame member and an external bumper cover of a vehicle. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms a seat support, mounted between a vehicle seat and a vehicle, to provide support for a vehicle seat. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms a pipe support, flexibly mounting a pipe to a support. ### Claim 13 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms a beam support, flexibly mounting a beam to a base. ### Claim 14 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms a scale, wherein weight applied to the spring assembly is measured by displacement of the spring assembly. ### Claim 15 (depends on 6) The spring assembly of claim 6, wherein the spring assembly forms a scale, wherein weight applied to the spring assembly is measured by the number of bow portions formed in the flat flexible spring material. ### Claim 16 A variable amplitude sine wave spring comprising: a first platen having first and second spring stops located at a predetermined distance apart on the face thereof; a flat flexible spring material having a length greater than the predetermined distance between the first and second spring stops, the flat flexible spring material placed on the first platen between the first and second spring stops and fixed only to the first and second spring stops such that the flat flexible spring material forms at least one sine-wave shaped portion extending away from the first platen, when the flat flexible spring material is placed on the first and second spring stops, the at least one bowed portion not fixed to either of the first platen or the second platen; and a second platen, hinged to and non-parallel to the first platen, placed atop the flat flexible spring material and in contact with the at least one bowed portion of the flat flexible spring material, the second platen being hinged to the first platen at one end such that another end of the second platen may move relative to the first platen such that, as force is applied to the second platen toward the first platen, the flat flexible spring material forms an increasing number of sine-wave shaped portions of varying amplitude as and sine-wave shaped nodes in response to force applied between the first platen and the second platen, and as the force is removed from the second platen, the flat flexible spring material rebounds, forming fewer variable amplitude sine-wave shaped portions in response to release of the force applied between the first platen and the second platen. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The sine wave spring of claim 16, wherein the flat flexible spring material comprises one or more of biaxially-oriented polyethylene terephthalate, spring steel, hardened and tempered aluminum, and epoxy impregnated carbon fiber. ### Claim 18 (depends on 16) The sine wave spring of claim 16, wherein the first and second spring stops are located a distance BFix apart from one another, and the flat flexible spring material has a length BMat substantially equal to one and one-sixteenth BFix. ### Claim 19 (depends on 16) The sine wave spring of claim 16, wherein force needed to compress the at least one sine wave spring is defined by the formula: F=(E*m*n)/r, where F is the force or load on the spring, r is a factor based on the radius of curvature of the shoulders, n is the total number of “node shoulders” per phase, defined as the number of corners formed in the flat flexible spring material, when the at least sine wave nodes are compressed, m is a predetermined factor based on the thickness and width of the material used, and E is Young's modulus of elasticity. ### Claim 20 (depends on 16) The sine wave spring of claim 16, wherein the sine wave spring further comprises: at least one retaining member for retaining the flat flexible spring material when not under load.