# US 8,539,773 B2 · Premixed direct injection nozzle for highly reactive fuels > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,539,773 B2 - Document ID: US8539773B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/365,382 - Filed: 2009-02-04 - Published: 2010-08-05 - Granted: 2013-09-24 - Earliest claimed: 2009-02-04 - Assignees: General Electric Company - Applicants: Willy Steve Ziminsky; Thomas Edward Johnson; Benjamin Paul Lacy; William David York; Jong Ho Uhm; Baifang Zuo - Inventors: Willy Steve Ziminsky; Thomas Edward Johnson; Benjamin Paul Lacy; William David York; Jong Ho Uhm; Baifang Zuo - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8539773B2 ## CPC - F23R 3/286: {having fuel-air premixing devices (F23R3/30 takes precedence)} - F23R 3/10: for primary air (F23R3/06, F23R3/045 take precedence) - F23R 3/34: Feeding into different combustion zones - F23D 2900/00008: Burner assemblies with diffusion and premix modes, i.e. dual mode burners - F23D 2900/00012: Liquid or gas fuel burners with flames spread over a flat surface, either premix or non-premix type, e.g. "Flächenbrenner" - F23R: GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS (fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures F23C10/16) - F23D: BURNERS ## Abstract A fuel/air mixing tube for use in a fuel/air mixing tube bundle is provided. The fuel/air mixing tube includes an outer tube wall extending axially along a tube axis between an inlet end and an exit end, the outer tube wall having a thickness extending between an inner tube surface having a inner diameter and an outer tube surface having an outer tube diameter. The tube further includes at least one fuel injection hole having a fuel injection hole diameter extending through the outer tube wall, the fuel injection hole having an injection angle relative to the tube axis. The invention provides good fuel air mixing with low combustion generated NOx and low flow pressure loss translating to a high gas turbine efficiency, that is durable, and resistant to flame holding and flash back. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A fuel injection nozzle comprising; a plurality of fuel/air mixing tubes configured as a bundle of tubes, each of said tubes including an outer tube wall extending axially along a tube axis between an inlet end and an exit end, said outer tube wall having a thickness extending between an inner tube surface having an inner diameter and an outer tube surface having an outer tube diameter; each of said tubes including at least one fuel injection hole having a fuel injection hole diameter extending through said outer tube wall, at a location between said inlet end and said exit end, said fuel injection hole having an injection angle relative to said tube axis, said injection angle being in the range of about 30 to about 80 degrees to reduce flame holding and flash back from a highly reactive gaseous fuel entering the fuel injection nozzle, said inner diameter of said inner tube surface being from about 4 to about 12 times greater than said fuel injection hole diameter; and a recession distance extending between said fuel injection hole and said exit end along said tube axis, said recession distance being about 1 to about 100 times greater than said fuel injection hole diameter. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The fuel/air mixing nozzle of claim 1, wherein said fuel injection hole diameter is about equal to or less than about 0.03 inches. ### Claim 3 A method of mixing a highly reactive gaseous fuel in a premixed direct injection nozzle for a turbine combustor, said method comprising; providing a plurality of mixing tubes configured as a bundle of tubes and attached together to form said nozzle, each of said plurality of tubes extending axially along a flow path between an inlet end and an exit end, each of said plurality of tubes including an outer tube wall extending axially along a tube axis between said inlet end and said exit end, said outer tube wall having a thickness extending between an inner tube surface having an inner diameter and an outer tube surface having an outer tube diameter; injecting a first fluid into said plurality of mixing tubes at said inlet ends; and mitigating flame holding and flash back inside the premixed direct injection nozzle of the turbine comprising: injecting a high-hydrogen gaseous fuel or a gaseous synthetic fuel into said mixing tubes through a plurality of injection holes at angle in the range of about 30 to about 80 degrees relative to said tube axis; and mixing said first fluid and said high hydrogen fuel or synthetic gas to a mixedness of greater than about 50% fuel and first fluid mixture at said exit end of said tubes. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein said mixing provides a mixedness from about 50% to about 95% fuel and first fluid mixture at said exit end of said tubes. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein said mixing provides a mixedness occurring at a location between about 0.6 to about 0.8 inches downstream of said fuel injection holes. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The method of claim 3, wherein the plurality of injection holes for injecting the high-hydrogen fuel or synthetic gas into said mixing tubes comprises about 1 to about 8 fuel injection holes per tube. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The method of mixing of claim 3, wherein said injection angle is about 30 to about 60 degrees. ### Claim 8 A fuel/air mixing tube for use with highly reactive fuels in a fuel/air mixing tube bundle comprising; an outer tube wall extending axially along a tube axis between an inlet end and an exit end, said outer tube wall having a thickness extending between an inner tube surface having a inner diameter and an outer tube surface having an outer tube diameter; at least one fuel injection hole having a fuel injection hole diameter extending through said outer tube wall, at a location between said inlet end and said exit end, said fuel injection hole having an injection angle relative to said tube axis, said injection angle being in the range of about 30 to about 80 degrees; a recession distance extending between said fuel injection hole and said exit end along said tube axis, said recession distance being about 5 to about 100 times greater than said fuel injection hole diameter, including a plurality of fuel injection holes, wherein said injection angle of said at least one fuel injection holes differs from at least one other of said plurality of fuel injection holes. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 8, wherein said different injection angles are configured to vary as a function of said recession distance. ### Claim 10 (depends on 8) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 8, including a plurality of fuel injection holes, wherein said at least one fuel injection hole has a diameter that is different than at least one other of said plurality of fuel injection holes. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 10, wherein said different fuel injection hole diameters are configured to vary as a function of said recession distance. ### Claim 12 (depends on 8) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 8, wherein said recession distance is equal to or less than about 1.5 inches and said inner tube diameter is in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.3 inches. ### Claim 13 (depends on 8) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 8, wherein the recession distance is in the range of about 0.3 to about 1 inches and said inner tube diameter is in the range of about 0.05 to about 0.3 inches. ### Claim 14 (depends on 8) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 8, comprising a plurality of fuel injection holes having a plurality of fuel injection hole diameters. ### Claim 15 (depends on 8) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 8, comprising a plurality of fuel injection holes having a plurality of fuel injection hole angles. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 15, wherein said plurality of fuel injection holes comprises about 2 to about 8 fuel injection holes. ### Claim 17 (depends on 8) The fuel/air mixing tube of claim 8, wherein said injection angle is about 30 to about 60 degrees. ### Claim 18 A fuel/air mixing tube for use with highly reactive fuels in a fuel/air mixing tube bundle comprising; an outer tube wall extending axially along a tube axis between an inlet end and an exit end, said outer tube wall having a thickness extending between an inner tube surface having a inner diameter and an outer tube surface having an outer tube diameter; at least one fuel injection hole having a fuel injection hole diameter extending through said outer tube wall, at a location between said inlet end and said exit end, said fuel injection hole having an injection angle relative to said tube axis, said injection angle being in the range of about 30 to about 80 degrees; a recession distance extending between said fuel injection hole and said exit end along said tube axis, said recession distance being about 5 to about 100 times greater than said fuel injection hole diameter, including a plurality of fuel injection holes, wherein said injection angle of said at least one fuel injection holes differs from at least one other of said plurality of fuel injection holes and wherein said at least one fuel injection hole has a diameter that is different than at least one other of said plurality of fuel injection holes and wherein said injection angle of said at least one fuel injection hole is configured to vary as a function of said diameter of said fuel injection hole.