Support of UICC-less calls

A method comprising:

• initiating a session from a subscriber terminal, wherein the subscriber terminal does not comprise a specific user identification module;
• forming a temporary identification of the subscriber terminal;
• based at least in part on the temporary identification, performing a server authentication without performing client authentication,
• wherein the temporary identification comprises a user identifier and a realm, the realm comprising a specific indication for a session initiated by the subscriber terminal
• wherein the user identifier is created based at least in part on a combination of at least one of:
• a media access control address of the subscriber terminal and a network identifier;
• and a hashed combination of the media access control address and the network identifier.

A method comprising:

• sending an authentication request to a subscriber terminal for authenticating a session initiated from the subscriber terminal;
• receiving an authentication response/identity message from the subscriber terminal, wherein the authentication response/identity message comprises a temporary identification of the subscriber terminal;
• and
• authenticating the session based at least in part on the temporary identification of the subscriber terminal, wherein a server authentication is performed but client authentication is omitted,
• wherein the temporary identification comprises a user identifier and a realm, the realm comprising a specific indication for the session initiated by the subscriber terminal, wherein the subscriber terminal does not comprise a specific user identification module,
• wherein the user identifier is created based at least in part on one of an international mobile equipment identity, a media access control address and an internet address assigned by an access network element to the subscriber terminal.

An apparatus, comprising:

• at least one processor;
• and
• at least one memory including computer program code
• the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
• initiating a session, wherein the apparatus does not comprise a specific user identification module;
• forming a temporary identification;
• and
• based at least in part on the temporary identification, performing a server authentication without performing client authentication,
• wherein the temporary identification comprises a user identifier and a realm, the realm comprising a specific indication for a session initiated by the apparatus,
• wherein the user identifier is created based at least in part on one of an international mobile equipment identity, a media access control address of the subscriber terminal, and an internet address assigned by an access network element to the apparatus.

An apparatus, comprising:

• at least one processor;
• and
• at least one memory including computer program code
• the at least one memory and the computer program code configured to, with the at least one processor, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following:
• sending an authentication request to a subscriber terminal;
• receiving an authentication response/identity message from the subscriber terminal,
• wherein the authentication response/identity message comprises a temporary identification of the subscriber terminal;
• and
• carrying out an authentication based at least in part on the temporary identification,
• wherein a server authentication is performed but client authentication is omitted,
• wherein the temporary identification comprises a user identifier and a realm, the realm comprising a specific indication for a session initiated by the subscriber terminal, wherein the subscriber terminal does not comprise a specific user identification module,
• wherein the user identifier is based at least in part on one of an international mobile equipment identity, a media access control address of the subscriber terminal and an internet protocol address assigned by an access network element to the subscriber terminal.

A computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, perform:

• initiating a session for emergency service from a subscriber terminal, wherein the subscriber terminal does not comprise a specific user identification module;
• creating a temporary identification of the subscriber terminal;
• based at least in part on the temporary identification, performing a server authentication without performing client authentication,
• wherein the temporary identification comprises a user identifier and a realm, the realm comprising a specific indication for a session initiated by the subscriber terminal,
• wherein the user identifier is created based at least in part on one of an international mobile equipment identity, a media access control address of the subscriber terminal, and an internet address assigned by an access network element to the subscriber terminal.

A computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed by a computer, perform:

• sending an authentication request to a subscriber terminal for authenticating a session for emergency service initiated from the subscriber terminal;
• receiving an authentication response/identity message from the subscriber terminal, wherein the authentication response/identity message comprises a temporary identification of the subscriber terminal;
• and
• authenticating the session based at least in part on the temporary identification of the subscriber terminal, wherein a server authentication is performed but client authentication is omitted,
• wherein the temporary identification comprises a user identifier and a realm, the realm comprising a specific indication for the session initiated by the subscriber terminal, wherein the subscriber terminal does not comprise a specific user identification module,
• wherein the user identifier is created based at least in part on one of an international mobile equipment identity, a media access control address and an internet address assigned by an access network element to the subscriber terminal.