Method of manufacturing display medium, display medium, and display apparatus

A method of manufacturing a display medium, comprising:

• preparing a first substrate on which a gap retaining member that retains a gap between substrates is disposed in a protruded form;
• forming a sealing layer on a surface of the first substrate and the gap retaining member;
• applying an adhesive, comprising a solvent-drying type adhesive including an an adhesive component which is insoluble in a dispersion medium of a particle dispersion liquid and a solvent which is incompatible with the dispersion medium of the particle dispersion liquid, to a top surface of the gap retaining member via the sealing layer, the sealing layer being insoluble in the solvent of the adhesive;
• disposing a particle dispersion liquid, comprising migrating particles and a dispersion medium which disperses the migrating particles, on an area surrounded by the first substrate and the gap retaining member;
• and
• adhering the first substrate and a second substrate together via the gap retaining member, by contacting the second substrate with the adhesive applied to the top surface of the gap retaining member and drying the solvent of the adhesive so as to adhere the second substrate to the top surface of the gap retaining member by the adhesive component of the adhesive, thereby adhering the first substrate and the second substrate together via the gap retaining member in a state in which the adhesive component of the adhesive is absent on a surface of the second substrate that faces the first substrate, except where the surface corresponds to the top surface of the gap retaining member;
• the sealing layer having a smaller contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive than a contact angle with respect to the solvent of the adhesive on the top of the surface of the gap retaining member, and the contact angle of the sealing layer with respect to the solvent of the adhesive being in a range of from 0° to 30°.