Modulators of ATP binding cassette transporters

A method of treating or lessening the severity of a disease in a patient, wherein said disease is hereditary emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), comprising the step of administering to said patient an effective amount of a compound of formula II:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• Each R1 is independently an optionally substituted C1-6 aliphatic, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted 3 to 10 membered cycloaliphatic, each of which is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 of RA;
• Each RA is —ZAR5, wherein each ZA is independently a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZA are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRB—, —CONRBNRB—, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRBCO2—, —O—, —NRBCONRB—, —OCONRB—, —NRBNRB—, —NRBCO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRB—, —SO2NRB—, —NRBSO2—, or —NRBSO2NRB—;
• Each R5 is independently RB, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN;
• or —OCF3;
• Each RB is independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted C1-8 aliphatic group, an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted heterocycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• R2 is C1-4 aliphatic, C3-6 cycloaliphatic, or phenyl, which is optionally substituted, or R2 is hydrogen;
• Ring A is an optionally substituted C3-7 cycloaliphatic, and said ring A is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 of —ZBR7, wherein each ZB is independently a bond, or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-4 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZB are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRB—, —CONRBNRB—, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRBCO2—, —O—, —NRBCONRB—, —OCONRB—, —NRBNRB—, —NRBCO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRB—, —SO2NRB—, —NRBSO2—, or —NRBSO2NRB—;
• Each R7 is independently RB, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN, or —OCF3;
• R4 is a benzo[d][1,3]dioxolyl ring optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 of —ZCR8, wherein each ZC is independently a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZC are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRC—, —CONRCNRC—, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRCCO2—, —O—, —NRCCONRC—, —OCONRC—, —NRCNRC—, —NRCCO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRC—, —SO2NRC—, —NRCSO2—, or —NRCSO2NRC—;
• Each R8 is independently RC, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN, or —OCF3;
• Each RC is independently an optionally substituted C1-8 aliphatic group, an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted heterocycloaliphatic, an optionally substituted aryl, or an optionally substituted heteroaryl;
• and
• n is 1-4.