Electrophotographic photosensitive member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus

An electrophotographic photosensitive member, comprising:

• a conductive support;
• a conductive layer containing conductive particles having a volume-average particle diameter of 0.1 μm or more;
• an intermediate layer;
• and
• a photosensitive layer,
• the conductive layer, the intermediate layer, and the photosensitive layer being provided on the conductive support in the stated order,
• wherein the conductive layer contains a polyolefin resin having the following repeating structural units (A1), (A2), and (A3), and a mass ratio (%) of the units (A1), (A2), and (A3) in the polyolefin resin satisfies the following formula (1), and
• wherein the units (A1), (A2), and (A3) are the only repeating structural units in the polyolefin resin:
• 0.01≦(A2)/{(A1)+(A2)+(A3)}×100≦30 Formula (1)
• (A1):
• a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (11):
• where R11 to R14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group;
• (A2):
• a repeating structural unit represented by the following formula (22):
• where R25 and R26 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a phenyl group, and X21 represents a divalent group represented by -Y22 COOCOY23- where Y22 and Y23 each independently represent a single bond, an alkylene group, or an arylene group;
• and
• (A3):
• a repeating structural unit represented by any one of the following formulae (31), (32), (33), and (34):
• where R31 to R35 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R41 to R43 each independently represent an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and R51 to R53 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.