Charging member and process for its production

A charging member comprising a substrate, an elastic layer and a surface layer;

• wherein;
• the surface layer comprises a high-molecular compound having a constituent unit represented by the following formula (1) and a constituent unit represented by the following formula (2), and having an Si—O—Zr linkage:
• wherein R1 and R2 each independently represent any of structures represented by the following formulas (3) to (6):
• where, in the formulas (3) to (6), R3 to R7, R10 to R14, R19, R20, R25 and R26 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s), a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group or an amino group;
• R8, R9, R15 to R18, R23, R24 and R29 to R32 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s);
• R21, R22, R27 and R28 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkoxyl group or alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atom(s);
• n, m, l , q, s and t each independently represent an integer of 1 or more to 8 or less, p and r each independently represent an integer of 4 to 12, and x and y each independently represent 0 or 1;
• and an asterisk * and a double asterisk ** each represent the position of bonding with the silicon atom and oxygen atom, respectively, in the formula (1).