Radiological characterization device comprising at least one collimated radiological measuring probe, a sensitive end of which is placed in an exchangeable collimator with an observation field, characterized in that the collimator is carried by a collimator holder, the assembly consisting of collimator and collimator holder being inserted in a stack between two shielding screens, the shielding screens being exchangeable so as to adjust the thickness thereof, the assembly consisting of collimator and collimator holder and the shielding screens providing protection of the probe vis-à-vis parasitic ionizing radiation coming from ionizing radiation sources situated outside the field of observation of the collimator, the collimator being substantially in a U shape with an opening and a bottom at which the sensitive end of the measuring probe is housed.