Image-forming method and image-forming apparatus

An image-forming apparatus, comprising:

• an electrostatic image bearing member for bearing an electrostatic image;
• a charging device for charging the electrostatic image bearing member;
• electrostatic latent image means for forming an electrostatic image on the charged electrostatic image bearing member;
• a developing device for developing the electrostatic image with toner to form a toner image;
• a transfer charging device for transferring the toner image on the electrostatic image bearing member onto a transfer material;
• and
• a fixing unit for fixing the toner image on the transfer material,
• wherein:
• the electrostatic image bearing member is a photosensitive member having a photoconductive layer and a surface layer formed of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide, and a sum of an atomic density of silicon atoms and an atomic density of carbon atoms in the surface layer is 6.60×1022 atoms/cm3 or more;
• and
• the toner has at least a binder resin and magnetic iron oxide particles, and the magnetic iron oxide particles contain Fe(2+) at a content of 20.0 mass % or more and 25.0 mass % or less.