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US 8,506,777 B2Granted
Localized corrosion monitoring device for limited conductivity fluids
AssigneeBaker Hughes Incorporated
InventorsPaul Hammonds, Vladimir Jovancicevic
Life of this patent
Estimating the term…
Abstract
A localized corrosion monitoring (LCM) device is modified to obtain polarization resistance (Rp) from electrical resistance of a probe having a strip of metal under investigation (test electrode), a reference electrode and a temperature sensor (e.g. thermocouple). This configuration allows the probe to be used in areas where only a thin film of conductive fluid is available or required to provide potential monitoring. Thus, the applicability of the LCM technique is broadened. All the above devices are expected to be configured in one item of equipment, except for the probe which may be remotely located from the rest of the equipment.
Claims13
An apparatus for measuring localized corrosion comprising:
- (a) a single test electrode having length L of a metal under investigation, adapted to contact a conductive fluid, and a reference electrode;
- (b) a temperature sensor in proximity to the single test electrode;
- (c) an ohmmeter configured for measuring the resistance across the length L of the single test electrode over a time period Δt to give first and second resistance values R1 and R2;
- (d) a device configured for calculating corrosion rates from changes in resistance due to corrosion and subtracting them from measurements of R1 and R2;
- (e) a device configured for measuring potential difference between the reference electrode and the single test electrode;
- (f) a computer programmed for determining polarization resistance Rp from the relationship:
- R
- p
- =
- [
- B
- a
-
- B
- c
-
- M
-
-
- W
- 2.3
-
- (
- B
- a
- +
- B
- c
- )
- ·
- Density
- ·
- 2
-
- F
- ·
- L
- 2
-
- ρ
- ]
-
- Δ
-
-
- t
-
- (
- R
- 1
-
- R
- 2
- R
- 2
- -
- R
- 1
- )
- (
- Eq
- .
-
- 1
- )
- where:
- Ba and Bc are Tafel slopes of anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively, obtained separately or from known values,
- MW is the molecular weight of the metal of the single test electrode, Density being its density,
- ρ is the specific conductance of the metal,
- F is Faraday's constant,
- L2 is the square of the length of the single test electrode, and
- R1 and R2 are the resistance measurements over time period Δt;
- and;
- and
- (g) the computer programmed for calculating the localized corrosion from V=Rp·I, which device may be the same as or different from the devices in d) and e), where I is current, and where the current is calculated by an electrical resistance (ER) technique.
72 more elements
An apparatus for measuring localized corrosion comprising:
- (a) a single test electrode having length L of a metal under investigation, adapted to contact a conductive fluid, and a reference electrode;
- (b) a temperature sensor in proximity to the single test electrode, where the temperature sensor is selected from the group consisting of a thermocouple, resistance thermometer, and combinations thereof;
- (c) an ohmmeter configured for measuring the resistance across the length L of the single test electrode over a time period Δt to give first and second resistance values R1 and R2;
- (d) a device configured for calculating corrosion rates from changes in resistance due to corrosion and subtracting them from measurements of R1 and R2;
- (e) a device configured for measuring potential difference between the reference electrode and the single test electrode;
- (f) a computer programmed for determining polarization resistance Rp from the relationship:
- R
- p
- =
- [
- B
- a
-
- B
- c
-
- M
-
-
- W
- 2.3
-
- (
- B
- a
- +
- B
- c
- )
- ·
- Density
- ·
- 2
-
- F
- ·
- L
- 2
-
- ρ
- ]
-
- Δ
-
-
- t
-
- (
- R
- 1
-
- R
- 2
- R
- 2
- -
- R
- 1
- )
- (
- Eq
- .
-
- 1
- )
- where:
- Ba and Bc are Tafel slopes of the anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively, obtained separately or from known values,
- MW is the molecular weight of the metal of the single test electrode, Density being its density,
- ρ is the specific conductance of the metal,
- F is Faraday's constant,
- L2 is the square of the length of the single test electrode, and
- R1 and R2 are the resistance measurements over time period Δt;
- and
- (g) the computer programmed for calculating the localized corrosion from V=Rp·I, which device may be the same as or different from the devices in d) and e), where I is current, where the current is calculated by an electrical resistance (ER) technique, and where the localized corrosion measured is selected from the group of characteristics consisting of:
- i) the number of corrosion events, ii) the duration of corrosion events, iii) surface area of a corrosion event, iv) depth of penetration of a corrosion event, v) rate of penetration of a pit associated with a corrosion event, vi) volume of metal displaced by corrosion event and vii) the type of localized corrosion event.
72 more elements
An apparatus for measuring localized corrosion comprising:
- (a) a single test electrode having length L of a metal under investigation, adapted to contact a conductive fluid having an electrical conductivity of about 10-4 Siemens/m or less, and a reference electrode;
- (b) a temperature sensor in proximity to the single test electrode;
- (c) a conductivity meter configured to measure changes in conductance;
- (c) an ohmmeter configured for measuring the resistance across the length L of the single test electrode over a time period Δt to give first and second resistance values R1 and R2;
- (d) a computer programmed for calculating corrosion rates from changes in resistance due to corrosion and subtracting them from measurements of R1 and R2;
- (e) a device selected from the group consisting of a potentiostat and a galvanostat configured for measuring potential difference between the reference electrode and the single test electrode;
- (f) the computer programmed for determining polarization resistance Rp from the relationship:
- R
- p
- =
- [
- B
- a
-
- B
- c
-
- M
-
-
- W
- 2.3
-
- (
- B
- a
- +
- B
- c
- )
- ·
- Density
- ·
- 2
-
- F
- ·
- L
- 2
-
- ρ
- ]
-
- Δ
-
-
- t
-
- (
- R
- 1
-
- R
- 2
- R
- 2
- -
- R
- 1
- )
- (
- Eq
- .
-
- 1
- )
- where:
- Ba and Bc are Tafel slopes of anodic and cathodic reactions, respectively, obtained separately or from known values,
- MW is the molecular weight of the metal of the single test electrode, Density being its density,
- ρ is the specific conductance of the metal,
- F is Faraday's constant,
- L2 is the square of the length of the single test electrode, and
- R1 and R2 are the resistance measurements over time period Δt;
- and
- (g) the computer programmed for calculating the localized corrosion from V=Rp·I, which device may be the same as or different from the devices in d) and e), where I is current, and where the current is calculated by an electrical resistance (ER) technique.
72 more elements
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.