Wave attenuation systems

A hybrid breakwater comprising:

• a first wave-attenuating panel fixedly coupled to a seabed through a plurality of pilings such that a majority of the first panel remains underwater;
• a second, positively buoyant wave-attenuating panel movably coupled to the seabed such that the buoyant panel floats adjacent a free surface regardless of tide, the second panel being spaced horizontally from the first panel, the second panel having opposed, outwardly facing faces separated by a panel thickness and a panel height perpendicular to the panel thickness, the panel height extending from a lower edge of the second panel to an upper edge of the second panel, the panel height being greater than the panel thickness, wherein a plane defined by at least one of the faces is oriented substantially vertically;
• wherein the first wave-attenuating panel does not restrict vertical movement of the second wave-attenuating panel;
• wherein the plurality of pilings form a row of pilings, the first panel is positioned on one side of the row of pilings, and the second panel is positioned on an opposite side of the row of pilings such that a face of the first panel that faces in a horizontal direction toward the second panel is horizontally spaced from a face of the second panel that faces in a horizontal direction toward the first panel.

A hybrid breakwater comprising:

• a first wave-attenuating panel fixedly coupled to a seabed through a plurality of pilings such that a majority of the first panel remains underwater;
• a second, positively buoyant wave-attenuating panel movably coupled to the seabed such that the buoyant panel floats adjacent a free surface regardless of tide, the second panel being spaced horizontally from the first panel, the second panel having opposed, outwardly facing faces separated by a panel thickness and a panel height perpendicular to the panel thickness, the panel height extending from a lower edge of the second panel to an upper edge of the second panel, the panel height being greater than the panel thickness, wherein a plane defined by at least one of the faces is oriented substantially vertically;
• wherein the first wave-attenuating panel does not restrict vertical movement of the second wave-attenuating panel;
• wherein the first panel comprises a plurality of horizontally oriented pipe members stacked one on top of each other, the second panel comprises a plurality of horizontally oriented pipe members stacked one on top of each other, the first panel having a central plane extending through the centers of the pipe members of the first panel, the second panel having a central plane extending through the centers of the pipe members of the second panel, the central plane of the first panel being spaced horizontally from the central plane of the second panel.