Nanoparticle macro-compositions

A macro-composition comprising:

• a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei;
• on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle;
• a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond;
• and
• wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture.

A method of making a lubricant formulation, the method comprising:

• providing a plurality of layered nanoparticle macro-compositions, each macro-composition comprising:
• a nanoparticle inner nucleus;
• an intermediate layer around the nucleus;
• an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus and the intermediate layer;
• wherein the inner nucleus has an open architecture;
• mixing the plurality of macro-compositions with a lubricant;
• forming a plurality of bonds between the plurality of macro-compositions in the lubricant, such that each of the macro-compositions is bonded to at least one other of the macro-compositions by a bond.

A method of making a lubricant formulation, the method comprising:

• providing a macro-composition comprising:
• a plurality of nanoparticle inner nuclei;
• on each nucleus, an outer layer intercalated with the nucleus or encapsulating the nucleus, the layer with the nucleus forming a layered nanoparticle;
• a plurality of bonds, each bond bonded to at least two of the layered nanoparticles, such that each layered nanoparticle is bonded to at least one other of the layered nanoparticles by a bond;
• and
• wherein the inner nuclei each have an open architecture;
• mixing the macro-compositions with a lubricant of the group consisting of grease, oil, gear oil, lithium complex grease, and coatings.