A GaN substrate stored within an atmosphere in which the oxygen concentration is not greater than 15 vol. % and the water-vapor concentration is not greater than 20 g/m3, having a planar first principal face, and whose plane orientation in an arbitrary point along the first principal face and separated 3 mm or more from the outer edge thereof has an off-inclination angle of between −10° and 10°, inclusive, with respect to the plane orientation of an arbitrarily designated crystalline plane that is inclined between 50° and 90°, inclusive, with respect to a plane, being either the (0001) plane or the (000 1) plane, through the arbitrary point.