# US 8,465,201 B2 · Electro-magnetic radiation detector > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,465,201 B2 - Document ID: US8465201B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/914,493 - Filed: 2010-10-28 - Published: 2011-05-05 - Granted: 2013-06-18 - Earliest claimed: 2009-10-30 - Assignees: Raytheon Company - Applicants: Timothy J. Imholt - Inventors: Timothy J. Imholt - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8465201B2 ## CPC - G01J 5/0853: {having infrared absorbers other than the usual absorber layers deposited on infrared detectors like bolometers, wherein the heat propagation between the absorber and the detecting element occurs within a solid} - G01J 5/023: {Particular leg structure or construction or shape; Nanotubes} - G01J 5/064: {Ambient temperature sensor; Housing temperature sensor; Constructional details thereof} - G01J 5/10: using electric radiation detectors - G01J 5/16: Arrangements with respect to the cold junction; Compensating influence of ambient temperature or other variables - G01J: MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY (light sources F21, H01J, H01K, H05B; investigating properties of materials by optical means G01N) ## Abstract According to certain embodiments, an electro-magnetic radiation detector includes a sensor coupled to multiple nanostructures and an electro-magnetic radiation indicating device. The nanostructures are adapted to absorb electro-magnetic energy and generate heat according to the absorbed electro-magnetic energy. The sensor is adapted to measure the heat generated by the plurality of nanostructures and to generate a first signal according to the measured heat. The electro-magnetic radiation indicating device is operable to receive the signal from the sensor and indicate a level of electro-magnetic energy absorbed by the plurality of nanostructures according to the received signal. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An electro-magnetic radiation detector comprising: a first substrate; a plurality of nanostructures grown on the first substrate, the plurality of nanostructures adapted to absorb electro-magnetic energy and generate heat according to the absorbed electro-magnetic energy; a first sensor integrally formed on the first substrate and adapted to measure the heat generated by the plurality of nanostructures and to generate a first signal according to the measured heat, the first signal indicative of a temperature of the plurality of nano structures; and a second sensor adapted to generate a second signal indicative of an ambient temperature around the first sensor, the second sensor formed on either the first substrate or on a second substrate; and an electro-magnetic radiation indicating device coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor, respectively, the electro-magnetic radiation indicating device operable to: receive the first signal from the first sensor; indicate a level of electro-magnetic energy absorbed by the plurality of nanostructures according to the received first signal; and differentially combine the first signal and the second signal to compensate for a variation in the first signal due to a corresponding variation in ambient temperature. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The electro-magnetic radiation detector of claim 1, wherein the plurality of nanostructures is grown on the substrate. ### Claim 3 An electro-magnetic radiation detector comprising: a plurality of nanostructures integrally formed on a substrate, and adapted to absorb electro-magnetic energy and generate heat according to the absorbed electro-magnetic energy; a first sensor formed on the substrate and coupled to the plurality of nanostructures and adapted to measure the heat generated by the plurality of nanostructures and to generate a first signal according to the measured heat, the first signal indicative of a temperature of the plurality of nanostructures; a second sensor formed on the substrate and adapted to generate a second signal indicative of an ambient temperature around the first sensor; an electro-magnetic radiation indicating device coupled to the first sensor and the second sensor, and operable to: receive the first signal from the first sensor; receive the second signal from the second sensor; differentially combine the first signal and the second signal to compensate for a variation in the first signal due to a corresponding variation in ambient temperature; and indicate a level of electro-magnetic energy absorbed by the plurality of nanostructures according to the received first signal. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The electro-magnetic radiation detector of claim 3, wherein the first sensor comprises one or more of the following: a resistance temperature detector; and a thermocouple. ### Claim 5 (depends on 3) The electro-magnetic radiation detector of claim 3, wherein the electro-magnetic energy comprises electro-magnetic energy in the microwave frequency range. ### Claim 6 (depends on 3) The electro-magnetic radiation detector of claim 3, wherein the plurality of nanostructures, the first sensor, and the electro-magnetic radiation indicating device are configured in a housing that is adapted to be worn by a user. ### Claim 7 (depends on 3) The electro-magnetic radiation detector of claim 3, wherein the plurality of nanostructures comprise a plurality of carbon nanotubes. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The electro-magnetic radiation detector of claim 7, wherein the plurality of carbon nanotubes comprise one or more of the following: a plurality of single-walled carbon nanotubes; and a plurality of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. ### Claim 9 An electro-magnetic radiation detector comprising: a plurality of nanostructures integrally formed on a substrate, and adapted to absorb electro-magnetic energy and generate heat according to the absorbed electro-magnetic energy; a first sensor formed on the substrate and coupled to the plurality of nanostructures and adapted to measure the heat generated by the plurality of nanostructures and to generate a first signal according to the measured heat, the first signal indicative of a temperature of the plurality of nanostructures; a second sensor formed on the substrate, the second sensor coupled to the plurality of nanostructures and adapted to measure the heat generated by the plurality of nanostructures and to generate a second signal according to the measured heat, the second signal indicative of the temperature of the plurality of nano structures; and an electro-magnetic radiation indicating device coupled to the first sensor the second sensor, and operable to: receive the first signal from the first sensor; receive the second signal from the second sensor; and generate an average temperature signal that is an average value between the first signal and the second signal; and indicate a level of electro-magnetic energy absorbed by the plurality of nanostructures according to the received first signal. ### Claim 10 An electro-magnetic radiation detector comprising: a first substrate; a plurality of nanostructures grown on the first substrate, the plurality of nanostructures adapted to absorb electro-magnetic energy and generate heat according to the absorbed electro-magnetic energy; a first pair of sensors integrally formed on the first substrate and adapted to measure the heat generated by the plurality of nanostructures and to generate a first pair of signals according to the measured heat, the first pair of signals indicative of a temperature of the plurality of nanostructures; and a second pair of sensors integrally formed on a second substrate and adapted to generate a second pair of signals indicative of an ambient temperature around the first pair of sensors; and an electro-magnetic radiation indicating device coupled to the first pair of sensors and the second pair of sensors, respectively, the electro-magnetic radiation indicating device operable to: receive the first pair of signals from the first pair of sensors; indicate a level of electro-magnetic energy absorbed by the plurality of nanostructures according to the received first pair of signals; and differentially combine the first pair of signals and the second pair of signals to compensate for a variation in the first pair of signals due to a corresponding variation in ambient temperature.