Bistable magnetic actuators

A bistable magnetic actuator comprising

• a polarized magnetic circuit and parallel operating air gaps,
• a U-shaped soft . . . iron yoke having outer legs,
• wherein between the outer legs of the U-shaped soft-iron yoke a permanent magnet is integrated which carries a soft-iron centre leg and applies a permanent-magnetic flux to a rocking armature supported on the centre leg,
• wherein at each outer leg a separately controllable excitation winding provides swiveling pulses for the rocking armature to swivel from one permanent-magnetically self-holding swivel position into the other, and having a wiring such that the permanent-magnetically created magnetic flux through the magnetic circuit is closed over the rocking armature in each case, for an electromagnetic magnetic flux created by the excitation winding of the magnetic circuit in a direction opposed to the permanent-magnetically created magnetic flux commutates into the parallel arranged magnetic circuit branch with the electromagnetically not excited excitation winding, swiveling over the rocking armature supported by the permanent-magnetically created secondary flux in this parallel circuit.