Microorganisms for the production of 1,4-butanediol, 4-hydroxybutanal, 4-hydroxybutyryl-coa, putrescine and related compounds, and methods related thereto

A non-naturally occurring microbial organism, comprising a 4-hydroxybutanal pathway, said microbial organism comprising at least one exogenous nucleic acid encoding a 4-hydroxybutanal pathway enzyme expressed in a sufficient amount to produce 4-hydroxybutanal, said 4-hydroxybutanal pathway comprising succinyl-CoA reductase (aldehyde forming), which catalyzes the conversion of succinyl-CoA to succinate semialdehyde;

• 4-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the conversion of succinate semialdehyde to 4-hydroxybutyrate;
• and carboxylic acid reductase, which catalyzes the ATP-dependent reduction of 4-hydroxybutyrate to 4-hydroxybutanal, wherein said at least one exogenous nucleic acid comprises a nucleic acid encoding said carboxylic acid reductase.