# US 8,352,015 B2 · Location tracking of a metallic object in a living body using a radar detector and guiding an ultrasound probe to direct ultrasound waves at the location > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,352,015 B2 - Document ID: US8352015B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/127,544 - Filed: 2008-05-27 - Published: 2009-12-03 - Granted: 2013-01-08 - Earliest claimed: 2008-05-27 - Assignees: Kyma Medical Technologies Ltd. - Inventors: Assaf Bernstein; Uriel Weinstein; Vered Cohen Sharvit; Dov Oppenheim - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8352015B2 ## CPC - A61B 5/6833: {Adhesive patches} - A61B 5/0205: Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition - A61B 5/05: Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves (measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24) - A61B 5/0507: using microwaves or terahertz waves - A61B 5/06: Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies {; Determining position of diagnostic devices within or on the body of the patient} - A61B 5/062: {using magnetic field} - A61B 8/06: Measuring blood flow - A61B 8/0833: {involving detecting or locating foreign bodies or organic structures} - A61B 8/42: {Details of probe positioning or probe attachment to the patient} - A61B 8/4245: {involving determining the position of the probe, e.g. with respect to an external reference frame or to the patient} - A61B 8/543: {involving acquisition triggered by a physiological signal} - A61B 5/113: occurring during breathing - A61B 8/4254: {using sensors mounted on the probe} - A61B 2090/378: {using ultrasound} - A61B 2562/143: for coupling microwaves - A61B 2562/164: the sensor is mounted in or on a conformable substrate or carrier - A61B: DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION (usefulness limited to only animals A61D) ## Abstract A method and apparatus are provided for determining and tracking location of a metallic object in a living body, and then directing a second modality such as ultrasound waves to the determined location. The metal detector may be a radar detector adapted to operate on a living body. The adaption may include disposing a transfer material having electromagnetic properties similar to the body between the radar detector and the living body, ECG gating the radar detector, and/or employing an optimal estimator with a model of expected stent movement in a living body. Applications include determination of extent of in-stent restenosis, performing therapeutic thrombolysis, or determining operational features of a metallic implant. ## Claims ### Claim 1 An apparatus for use in diagnostic imaging, comprising: a radar detector comprising an antenna configured as a conforming patch for removable attachment to a living body, wherein the radar detector determines and tracks the location of a metallic object in a living body; an ultrasound probe; and guiding means for directing said probe at the location determined by the metal detector. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radar detector operates in a bandwidth of several Gigahertz at a frequency in a range of 1-10 GHz. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radar detector is multi-static. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radar detector employs a localization scheme based on super-resolution techniques. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising an interface for coupling the radar detector to the living body. ### Claim 6 (depends on 5) The apparatus of claim 5, wherein the interface comprises a transfer material having electromagnetic properties similar to the body. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the interface further comprises a container surrounding the transfer material, and the container is situated between and in intimate contact with said radar detector and the body. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the antenna of the radar detector is substantially planar, the container rests on said substantially planar antenna, a first surface of the container is adjacent the antenna, and an opposite surface of the container is adjacent and conforms to the body. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the guiding means comprises a tracking system for locating the probe relative to the detector. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein at least one of the radar detector and the ultrasound probe includes a tracking element. ### Claim 11 (depends on 9) The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the tracking system employs electromagnetic tracking. ### Claim 12 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the probe measures Doppler velocity of fluid. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radar detector also determines orientation of the metallic object in the body. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radar detector also measures a radar signature of the metallic object. ### Claim 15 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the metallic object comprises a stent, and the probe measures blood velocity within the stent. ### Claim 16 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a display presenting instructions for directing the ultrasound probe at the location determined by the metal detector. ### Claim 17 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the patch includes a tracking element. ### Claim 18 (depends on 1) The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the radar detector is ECG gated. ### Claim 19 An apparatus for in-vivo determination of extent of restenosis within a stent deployed in a body of a person or animal, comprising: a radar detector comprising an antenna configured as a conforming patch for removable attachment to a living body, wherein the radar detector determines and tracks the location of the deployed stent within the body; an ultrasound probe for measuring fluid flow; and guiding means for establishing a common geometric frame of reference for the radar detector and the ultrasonic probe, and for guiding the probe to measure fluid flow at the location determined by the radar detector, whereby extent of in-stent restenosis can be determined from measured fluid flow. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The apparatus of claim 19, wherein the radar detector includes at least one of: a transfer material having electromagnetic properties similar to the body; ECG gating; and an optimal estimator with a model of expected stent movement in a living body. ### Claim 21 A method for locating a metallic object in a living body, comprising: adapting a radar detector to interface with a living body, the radar detector comprising an antenna configured as a conforming patch for removable attachment to the living body; directing a radar beam from the radar detector at the body to produce a returned radar signal; receiving the returned radar signal; and determining and tracking location of the metallic object in the living body from the returned radar signal. ### Claim 22 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising: directing ultrasound waves to the location determined from the returned radar signal. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The method of claim 22, further comprising: measuring fluid flow at the determined location with the ultrasound waves. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The method of claim 23, wherein the metallic object comprises a stent; and further comprising: determining extent of in-stent restenosis from measured fluid flow. ### Claim 25 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, wherein said adapting comprises at least one of: disposing a transfer material having electromagnetic properties similar to the body between the radar detector and the living body, ECG gating the radar detector, and employing an optimal estimator with a model of expected stem movement within a living body. ### Claim 26 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising guiding a modality other than radar to the determined location of the metallic object. ### Claim 27 (depends on 21) The method of claim 21, further comprising registering a three dimensional arterial map of said living body to the determined location of the metallic object. ### Claim 28 (depends on 27) The method of claim 27, further comprising guiding a modality other than radar to a different correlated location on the arterial map. ### Claim 29 A method for determining fluid flow within a metallic object in a living body, comprising: adapting a radar detector to interface with a living body, the radar detector comprises an antenna configured as a conforming patch for removable attachment to the living body; metallic object localization by determining and tracking the location of the metallic object in the body with the radar detector; guiding an ultrasound probe to the location determined by the radar detector; and measuring fluid flow at the location with the ultrasound probe. ### Claim 30 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein said guiding includes registering the ultrasound probe and the radar detector to a common geometric frame of reference. ### Claim 31 (depends on 30) The method of claim 30, wherein said registering is performed automatically. ### Claim 32 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein the metallic object localization is performed continuously on-line during fluid flow measurement. ### Claim 33 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein the metallic object localization is performed periodically or at a single instance. ### Claim 34 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein said measuring is performed at several locations near the metallic object. ### Claim 35 (depends on 29) The method of claim 29, wherein said measuring is performed at different times and measurement results compared. ### Claim 36 A method for determining extent of restenosis within a stent deployed in a living body, comprising: adapting a radar detector to interface with a living body, the radar detector comprises an antenna configured as a conforming patch for removable attachment to a living body; determining and tracking the location of the deployed stent in the body with the radar detector; measuring fluid flow with an ultrasound probe at the location determined by the radar detector; and determining extent of restenosis within the deployed stent from measured fluid flow.