Secondary battery

A secondary battery comprising:

• a cathode;
• an anode;
• and
• an electrolytic solution,
• wherein the anode has an anode active material layer containing a plurality of anode active material particles having silicon,
• the anode active material layer contains at least one of an oxide-containing film covering a surface of the anode active material particles and a metal material not being alloyed with an electrode reactant provided in gaps between the anode active material particles in the anode active material layer, the metal material including at least one of iron, cobalt, nickel, zinc, and copper, and
• the electrolytic solution contains a solvent containing at least one of organic acids shown in Chemical formula 1:
• where X is —(O═)C—(C(R1)2)a—C(═O)—, —(R2)2C—(C(R1)2)b—C(═O)—, —(O═)2S—(C(R3)2)c—S(═O)2—, —(R4)2C—(C(R3)2)d—S(═O)2—, or —(O═)C—(C(R5)2)e—S(═O)2—;
• R1 to R5 are a hydrogen group, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a halogen group, an alkyl halide group, or an aryl halide group;
• and a to e are one of integer numbers 0 to 4,
• wherein the oxide-containing film contains an oxide of at least one selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, and tin.