Emulsifying polymers and their use

A polymer P obtainable by copolymerization of

• a) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer A selected from the group consisting of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids or analogues of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids, unsaturated sulfonic acids or analogues of unsaturated sulfonic acids and unsaturated phosphonic acids or analogues of unsaturated phosphonic acids
• with
• b) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer B of the formula (I), (II) or (III)
• in which R1, independently of one another, are mono- or dicarboxylic acids mentioned under (a), after removal of n carboxyl groups,
• in which R2, independently of one another, are H, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms or alkylaryl having 7-20 carbon atoms,
• in which R3 are dicarboxylic acids mentioned under (a), after removal of both carboxyl groups,
• in which Y, independently of one another, are
• in which R4, independently of one another, are alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, alkylaryl having 7-20 carbon atoms or H,
• in which n, independently of one another, are 1 or 2,
• in which r, independently of one another, have the value 0 or 1,
• in which x, y, z, independently of one another, each have the values 0-250 and x+y+z is 3 or greater;
• in which Q is the radical of a polyalcohol of the formula Q(OH)q+1 after removal of all OH groups,
• in which q is from 2 to 5, in particular 2 or 3,
• and
• c) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer C of the formula (IV)
• in which R5, independently of one another, are alkyl having 1-30 carbon atoms, alkoxy of the formula —OR6, polyoxyalkoxy of the formula —O—[(C2H4O)x—(C3H6O)y—(C4H8O)z]—R2, Cl, F, Br or NO2,
• in which m is a number from 0 to 5,
• in which R6, independently of one another, are alkyl having 1-30 carbon atoms,
• in which x, y, z, independently of one another, each have the values 0-250 and x+y+z is 3 or greater;
• in which R2, independently of one another, are H, alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms or alkylaryl having 7-20 carbon atoms,
• and
• d) at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer D of the formula (V)
• in which R7 is H or methyl,
• in which R8 is a straight-chain or branched alkyl radical having 2-30 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or alkenyl having 2-30 carbon atoms, alkylaryl or aralkyl having 7-20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical or a divalent radical having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and in which R8, if X is
• optionally forms, together with R9 or R10 and with N, a ring, in particular a 5-membered to 8-membered ring, which optionally has aromatic structures and optionally has heteroatoms in or on the ring,
• in which X is
• in which R9 is alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, alkylaryl having 7-20 carbon atoms or H, and in which R9 together with N and with R8 optionally forms a ring, and optionally has heteroatoms in or on the ring,
• in which R10 is alkyl having 1-20 carbon atoms, alkylaryl having 7-20 carbon atoms or alkenyl having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and in which R10 together with N and with R8 optionally forms a ring, in particular a 5-membered to 8-membered ring, and optionally has heteroatoms in or on the ring;
• and optionally
• e) at least one basic ethylenically unsaturated monomer E of the formula (VI)
• in which R11 is H or methyl,
• in which Y1 is
• in which R12 is a radical having at least one primary, secondary or tertiary amino group if Y1 is
• and is a radical having at least one secondary or tertiary amino group if Y1 is
• and optionally
• f) at least one further ethylenically unsaturated monomer W.