Techniques for selecting signal delivery sites and other parameters for treating depression and other neurological disorders, and associated systems and methods

A method for treating a patient, comprising:

• identifying a patient as having depression;
• obtaining first imaging information corresponding to a first region of a patient's brain, the first imaging information being obtained by functional magnetic resonance imaging techniques, the first region including the patient's DLPFC;
• obtaining second imaging information corresponding to a second region of the patient's brain, the second region being a subset of the first region, the second imaging information being based at least in part on identifying neuronal fibers using diffusion tractography techniques;
• selecting a signal delivery site based at least in part on the second imaging information;
• implanting at least one electrode proximate to the signal delivery site, within the patient's skull and outside a cortical surface of the patient's brain;
• and
• reducing or eliminating patient depression by preferentially directing electrical signals from the at least one electrode to the signal delivery site;
• wherein selecting a signal delivery site includes selecting a signal delivery site based at least in part on a characteristic of neuronal fibers projecting from the signal delivery site to Brodmann area 25.