# US 8,150,346 B2 · Detecting a signal in the presence of noise > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,150,346 B2 - Document ID: US8150346B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 11/803,892 - Filed: 2007-05-16 - Published: 2008-11-20 - Granted: 2012-04-03 - Earliest claimed: 2007-05-16 - Assignees: Silicon Laboratories Inc. - Inventors: Javier Elenes; Dana Taipale - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8150346B2 ## CPC - H03J 1/0075: {where the receiving frequencies of the stations are stored in a permanent memory, e.g. ROM} - H03J: TUNING RESONANT CIRCUITS; SELECTING RESONANT CIRCUITS ## Abstract In one embodiment, the present invention includes a method for receiving an incoming radio frequency (RF) signal in a receiver, estimating a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a constant modulus (CM) signal in the incoming RF signal based on a calculated magnitude of the incoming RF signal, and indicating presence of a modulated signal in the incoming RF signal if the estimated SNR is greater than a threshold. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method comprising: receiving an incoming radio frequency (RF) signal in a receiver; providing the incoming RF signal to an estimator to estimate a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of a signal at a first candidate frequency in the incoming RF signal without demodulating the incoming RF signal based on a calculated magnitude for each of a plurality of samples of the incoming RF signal; and indicating presence of a modulated signal corresponding to the signal at the first candidate frequency in the incoming RF signal if the estimated SNR is greater than a threshold and indicating non-presence of the modulated signal if the estimated SNR is less than the threshold. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising downconverting and digitizing the incoming RF signal and providing the digitized signal to a digital signal processor (DSP), wherein the DSP includes the estimator. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising performing a coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) function in the DSP to calculate the magnitude for each of the plurality of samples. ### Claim 4 (depends on 2) The method of claim 2, further comprising generating the SNR estimate based on the calculated magnitude and a noise power of the signal, the signal corresponding to a complex signal. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein estimating the SNR comprises performing a maximum log likelihood analysis for the calculated magnitude and the noise power of the plurality of samples. ### Claim 6 (depends on 4) The method of claim 4, wherein estimating the SNR comprises performing a moments analysis for the calculated magnitude of the plurality of samples. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The method of claim 6, further comprising calculating a second moment and a fourth moment of a Ricean distribution corresponding to the calculated magnitude for the plurality of samples. ### Claim 8 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a blind scan instruction from a host processor of a system including the receiver, performing the SNR estimating and the indicating at a plurality of candidate frequencies of a radio spectrum, wherein the receiver is part of a transceiver. ### Claim 9 (depends on 8) The method of claim 8, further comprising selecting one of the plurality of candidate frequencies having a lowest SNR estimate for transmission of audio content from the transceiver to a remote radio receiver. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The method of claim 9, wherein the remote radio receiver comprises a car radio having an antenna with a higher power level than a power level of an antenna coupled to the transceiver. ### Claim 11 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the incoming RF signal in a transceiver of a portable device having an antenna of a first power level and transmitting content from the transceiver to a second receiver at a frequency at which the estimated SNR is less than the threshold. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, wherein the second receiver is coupled to a second antenna of a second power level greater than the first power level. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising estimating the SNR according to R=√{square root over (X2+Y2)}, where X and Y are Gaussian random variables with a mean of s 2 and a variance of σ2, where s is the signal and σ2 corresponds to noise power of complex portions of the signal. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The method of claim 13, further comprising determining the presence of the modulated signal if ŝ2 is greater than Dσ2, wherein D is a threshold value and ŝ is an estimate of s. ### Claim 15 An apparatus comprising: a transceiver to receive and transmit radio signals, the transceiver including: a receiver having a low noise amplifier (LNA) to amplify an incoming radio frequency (RF) signal; a mixer to downconvert the RF signal to a second frequency signal; a digitizer coupled to the mixer to digitize the second frequency signal; a processor coupled to the digitizer to process the digitized second frequency signal, wherein the processor is to determine presence of a signal in the incoming RF signal at a candidate frequency without demodulation of the signal, based on a calculated magnitude for each of N samples of the incoming RF signal, the processor comprising a digital signal processor (DSP) to perform a coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) operation to determine the calculated magnitude; and a demodulator coupled to the processor to demodulate a signal present in the incoming RF signal in a receive mode of operation. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the transceiver is to estimate a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) based on the calculated magnitude and perform a comparison of the estimated SNR to a threshold. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the transceiver is to estimate the SNR and perform the comparison at a plurality of frequencies and select one of the plurality of frequencies having a SNR estimate below the threshold for use for radio transmission. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a second processor coupled to the transceiver, the second processor to instruct the transceiver to perform a blind scan of at least a portion of a radio spectrum including the candidate frequency. ### Claim 19 A system comprising: a transceiver to receive and transmit radio signals, the transceiver including: a receiver having an amplifier to amplify an incoming radio frequency (RF) signal; a mixer to downconvert the RF signal to an intermediate frequency (IF) signal; an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the mixer to digitize the IF signal; a digital signal processor (DSP) coupled to the ADC to process the digitized IF signal, wherein the DSP is to perform a blind scan detection for a signal in the incoming RF signal at a candidate frequency without demodulation of the signal, based on a comparison of an estimated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal obtained from a calculated magnitude for each of a plurality of samples of the signal to a threshold and the transceiver is to detect a signal having a SNR of less than 0 decibels; and a demodulator coupled to the DSP to demodulate a signal present in the incoming RF signal in a receive mode of operation; a host processor coupled to the transceiver to instruct the transceiver to perform the blind scan detection; and a non-volatile storage to store digital audio content. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19, wherein the transceiver is to estimate the SNR of a plurality of candidate frequencies, and the host processor is to instruct the transceiver to transmit the digital audio content at the one of the plurality of candidate frequencies having the lowest SNR estimate. ### Claim 21 (depends on 19) The system of claim 19, wherein the system comprises a portable media player having an antenna of a first power level, and wherein the first power level is less than a power level of a second antenna with which the system is to communicate, the second antenna comprising a receive antenna for a remote receiver.