# US 8,148,858 B2 · Totally enclosed heat pipe cooled motor > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,148,858 B2 - Document ID: US8148858B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/536,921 - Filed: 2009-08-06 - Published: 2010-02-11 - Granted: 2012-04-03 - Earliest claimed: 2008-08-06 - Assignees: HPEV, Inc. - Inventors: Timothy Hassett; Mark Hodowanec - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8148858B2 ## CPC - H02K 9/18: wherein the external part of the closed circuit comprises a heat exchanger structurally associated with the machine casing - H02K: DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES (dynamo-electric relays H01H53/00; conversion of DC or AC input power into surge output power {H03K3/53}) ## Abstract A totally enclosed motor comprising a housing totally encloses an electrical package that includes plurality of slot vents extending radially outward from a shaft on which the electrical package is mounted. The electrical package being operable to generate a closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow that circulates through the slot vents and is confined within the housing. The motor additionally including an exterior cooling assembly that is operable to generate a directed exterior air flow along an exterior portion of the housing. The motor further including a plurality of heat pipes having evaporator ends disposed within the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow and condenser ends disposed within the exterior air flow, whereby heat is removed from the electrical package chamber such that the ‘Totally Enclosed’ more provides a power output substantially equivalent to that of an ‘Open’ motor of approximately the same size. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A totally enclosed motor comprising: a housing structured such that there is no free exchange of air between an ambient exterior environment of the motor and an interior electrical package chamber within the housing; an electrical package enclosed within the electrical package chamber of the housing, the electrical package structured and operable to rotate within the electrical package chamber to produce electrical or mechanical power output by the motor, and to generate a closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow that circulates longitudinally along a shaft of the motor then flows radially outward through a plurality of slot vents formed within the electrical package then flows along a outer periphery of the electrical package and then longitudinally back along the shaft, the electrical package cooling air circuit confined within the housing; an exterior cooling assembly disposed exteriorly of the housing and structured and operable to generate a directed exterior air flow along an exterior portion of the housing, the exterior air flow being separate and isolated from the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow; and a plurality of heat pipes, each heat pipe comprising: a respective evaporator end disposed within the electrical package chamber and within the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow such that heat is removed from the electrical package chamber; and a respective condenser end disposed within the exterior cooling assembly and within the exterior air flow such that heat is removed from the heat pipe condenser ends. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The motor of claim 1 further comprising at least one interior heat exchanger disposed within the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow and having the heat pipe evaporator ends disposed therein, and wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises at least one exterior heat exchanger disposed within the exterior air flow and having the heat pipe condenser ends disposed therein. ### Claim 3 (depends on 2) The motor of claim 2, wherein the at least one interior heat exchanger comprises a plurality of interior heat exchangers disposed at a distal end of the electrical package chamber, and the plurality of heat pipes comprises a plurality of sets of heat pipes wherein each set of heat pipes comprises a plurality of heat pipes having the respective evaporator ends disposed within a respective one of the interior heat exchangers. ### Claim 4 (depends on 3) The motor of claim 3, wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises: a fan mounted to an end of the motor shaft extending through a shaft bearing disposed at a distal end of the motor housing, wherein the fan is structured and operable to generated the exterior air flow; and a vented housing disposed at a distal end of a bearing housing of the motor and enclosing the fan. ### Claim 5 (depends on 4) The motor of claim 4, wherein the at least one exterior heat exchanger comprises a plurality of exterior heat exchangers disposed within the vented housing such that the external air flow is directed through the exterior heat exchangers, wherein each exterior heat exchanger has the condenser ends of a respective set of heat pipes disposed therein. ### Claim 6 (depends on 2) The motor of claim 2, wherein the at least one interior heat exchanger comprises at least one arcuate heat exchanger longitudinally disposed radially adjacent the electrical package within the electrical package chamber between a sidewall of the housing and the electrical package, the evaporator ends of the heat pipes disposed within the at least one arcuate heat exchanger. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The motor of claim 6, wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises: a fan mounted to an end of the motor shaft extending through a shaft bearing disposed at a distal end of the motor housing, wherein the fan is structured and operable to generated the exterior air flow; and an air duct having a first leg in which the fan is disposed and a second leg longitudinally disposed along an exterior surface of the housing sidewall. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The motor of claim 7, wherein the at least one exterior heat exchanger comprises a plurality of exterior heat exchangers disposed within the second leg of the air duct such that the external air flow is directed through the exterior heat exchangers. ### Claim 9 (depends on 2) The motor of claim 2, wherein the housing comprises: a first interior compartment that includes a plurality of longitudinal sidewalls that define the electrical package chamber, at least one of the first interior compartment sidewalls including a plurality of exhaust ports through which the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow passes after flowing radially outward through the electrical package slot vents; and a second interior compartment that envelopes the first interior compartment about at least a portion of a plurality of the first interior compartment sidewalls, the second interior compartment structured to direct the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow that exits the first interior compartment, via the exhaust ports, back into the first interior compartment via one or more air flow windows included in at least one of the interior compartment sidewalls. ### Claim 10 (depends on 9) The motor of claim 9, wherein the at least one interior heat exchanger comprises at least one interior heat exchanger disposed within the second interior compartment adjacent the exhaust ports of the at least one first interior compartment sidewalls, the evaporator ends of the heat pipes disposed within the at least one interior heat exchanger. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The motor of claim 10, wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises: a fan mounted to an end of the motor shaft extending through a shaft bearing housing disposed at a distal end of the motor housing, wherein the fan is structured and operable to generated the exterior air flow; and an air duct having a first leg in which the fan is disposed and a second leg longitudinally disposed along an exterior surface of a sidewall of the second interior compartment. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The motor of claim 11, wherein the at least one exterior heat exchanger comprises at least one exterior heat exchanger disposed within the second leg of the air duct such that the external air flow is directed through the at least one exterior heat exchanger. ### Claim 13 (depends on 1) The motor of claim 1, wherein the structure of the motor, whereby the flow of the exterior air flow across the heat pipe condenser ends and the circulation of the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow across the heat pipe evaporator ends, removes heat from the electrical package chamber such that during operation of the motor, the power output by the motor is approximately equivalent to a different motor having approximately the same size electrical package and a respective housing structured such that there is free exchange of air between an ambient exterior environment of the different motor and a respective interior electrical package chamber of the different motor. ### Claim 14 (depends on 1) The motor of claim 1, wherein the plurality of heat pipes comprise: a plurality of interior heat exchanger heat pipes, each having a respective evaporator end disposed within the electrical package chamber and within the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow such that heat is removed from the electrical package chamber, and a respective condenser end disposed within a bearing oil chamber of the motor; and a plurality of exterior heat exchanger heat pipes, each having a respective evaporator end disposed within the bearing oil chamber, and a respective condenser end disposed within the exterior air flow such that heat is removed from the exterior heat exchanger heat pipe condenser ends. ### Claim 15 A totally enclosed motor comprising: a housing structured such that there is no free exchange of air between an ambient exterior environment of the motor and an interior electrical package chamber within the housing; an electrical package enclosed within the electrical package chamber of the housing, the electrical package structured and operable to rotate within the electrical package chamber to produce electrical or mechanical power output by the motor, and to generate a closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow that circulates longitudinally along a shaft on which the electrical package is mounted then flows radially outward from the shaft through a plurality of slot vents formed within a rotor and a stator of the electrical package and extend radially outward from the shaft, then flows along a outer periphery of the electrical package then longitudinally back along the shaft and radially outward through the slot vents again, the electrical package cooling air circuit confined within the housing; at least one interior heat exchanger disposed within the electrical package chamber such that the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow passes through the at least one interior heat exchanger; an exterior cooling assembly disposed exteriorly of the housing and including at least one exterior heat exchanger, the exterior cooling assembly structured and operable to generate a directed exterior air flow that passes through the at least one exterior heat exchanger and along an exterior portion of the housing, the exterior air flow being separate and isolated from the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow; and a plurality of heat pipes, each heat pipe comprising: a respective evaporator end disposed within the at least one interior heat exchanger and within the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow such that heat is removed from the electrical package chamber; and a respective condenser end disposed within the at least one exterior heat exchanger and within the exterior air flow such that heat is removed from the heat pipe condenser ends. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The motor of claim 15, wherein the at least one interior heat exchanger comprises a plurality of interior heat exchangers disposed at a distal end of the electrical package chamber, and the plurality of heat pipes comprises a plurality of sets of heat pipes wherein each set of heat pipes comprises a plurality of heat pipes having the respective evaporator ends disposed within a respective one of the interior heat exchangers. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The motor of claim 16, wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises: a fan mounted to an end of the motor shaft extending through a shaft bearing disposed at a distal end of the motor housing, wherein the fan is structured and operable to generated the exterior air flow; and a vented housing disposed at a distal end of a bearing housing of the motor and enclosing the fan. ### Claim 18 (depends on 17) The motor of claim 17, wherein the at least one exterior heat exchanger comprises a plurality of exterior heat exchangers disposed within the vented housing such that the external air flow is directed through the exterior heat exchangers, wherein each exterior heat exchanger has the condenser ends of a respective set of heat pipes disposed therein. ### Claim 19 (depends on 15) The motor of claim 15, wherein the at least one interior heat exchanger comprises at least one arcuate heat exchanger longitudinally disposed radially adjacent the electrical package within the electrical package chamber between a sidewall of the housing and the electrical package, the evaporator ends of the heat pipes disposed within the at least one arcuate heat exchanger. ### Claim 20 (depends on 19) The motor of claim 19, wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises: a fan mounted to an end of the motor shaft extending through a shaft bearing disposed at a distal end of the motor housing, wherein the fan is structured and operable to generated the exterior air flow; and an air duct having a first leg in which the fan is disposed and a second leg longitudinally disposed along an exterior surface of the housing sidewall. ### Claim 21 (depends on 20) The motor of claim 20, wherein the at least one exterior heat exchanger comprises a plurality of exterior heat exchangers disposed within the second leg of the air duct such that the external air flow is directed through the exterior heat exchangers. ### Claim 22 (depends on 15) The motor of claim 15, wherein the housing comprises: a first interior compartment that includes a plurality of longitudinal sidewalls that define the electrical package chamber, at least one of the first interior compartment sidewalls including a plurality of exhaust ports through which the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow passes after flowing radially outward through the electrical package slot vents; and a second interior compartment that envelopes the first interior compartment about at least a portion of a plurality of the first interior compartment sidewalls, the second interior compartment structured to direct the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow that exits the first interior compartment, via the exhaust ports, back into the first interior compartment via one or more air flow windows included in at least one of the first interior compartment sidewalls. ### Claim 23 (depends on 22) The motor of claim 22, wherein the at least one interior heat exchanger comprises at least one interior heat exchanger disposed within the second interior compartment adjacent the exhaust ports of the at least one first interior compartment sidewalls, the evaporator ends of the heat pipes disposed within the at least one interior heat exchanger. ### Claim 24 (depends on 23) The motor of claim 23, wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises: a fan mounted to an end of the motor shaft extending through a shaft bearing housing disposed at a distal end of the motor housing, wherein the fan is structured and operable to generated the exterior air flow; and an air duct having a first leg in which the fan is disposed and a second leg longitudinally disposed along an exterior surface of a sidewall of the second interior compartment. ### Claim 25 (depends on 24) The motor of claim 24, wherein the at least one exterior heat exchanger comprises at least one exterior heat exchanger disposed within the second leg of the air duct such that the external air flow is directed through the at least one exterior heat exchanger. ### Claim 26 (depends on 15) The motor of claim 15, wherein the structure of the motor, whereby the flow of the exterior air flow through the at least one exterior heat exchanger and the circulation of the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow through the at least interior heat exchanger that is thermally coupled to the at least one exterior heat exchanger via the heat pipes, removes heat from the electrical package chamber such that during operation of the motor, the power output by the motor is substantially equivalent to a different motor having approximately the same size electrical package and a respective housing structured such that there is free exchange of air between an ambient exterior environment of the different motor and a respective interior electrical package chamber of the different motor. ### Claim 27 (depends on 15) The motor of claim 15, wherein the plurality of heat pipes comprise: a plurality of interior heat exchanger heat pipes, each having a respective evaporator end disposed within the electrical package chamber and within the closed circuit electrical package cooling air flow such that heat is removed from the electrical package chamber, and a respective condenser end disposed within a bearing oil chamber of the motor; and a plurality of exterior heat exchanger heat pipes, each having a respective evaporator end disposed within the bearing oil chamber, and a respective condenser end disposed within the exterior air flow such that heat is removed from the exterior heat exchanger heat pipe condenser ends. ### Claim 28 (depends on 15) The motor of claim 15, wherein the exterior cooling assembly comprises a vented housing disposed at a distal end of a bearing housing of the motor, wherein the exterior air flow passes through the vented housing.