# US 8,147,702 B2 · Method of making and using adsorbent to remove heavy metal from waste water

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- Number: US 8,147,702 B2
- Document ID: US8147702B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 13/091,370
- Filed: 2011-04-21
- Published: 2011-09-15
- Granted: 2012-04-03
- Earliest claimed: 2011-04-21
- Assignees: King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST)
- Inventors: Saad A Al-Jlil
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8147702B2

## CPC

- C02F 9/00: Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- B01J 20/041: {Oxides or hydroxides}
- B01J 20/06: comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
- B01J 20/10: comprising silica or silicate
- B01J 20/28059: {being less than 100 m2/g}
- B01J 20/28083: {being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores}
- B01J 20/3021: {Milling, crushing or grinding}
- B01J 20/3078: {Thermal treatment, e.g. calcining or pyrolizing}
- B01J 2220/42: Materials comprising a mixture of inorganic materials (materials coated or impregnated on a carrier B01J20/32)
- B01J 2220/4875: the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
- C02F 1/02: by heating (methods of steam generation F22B; preheating boiler feed-water or accumulating preheated boiler feed-water F22D)
- C02F 1/28: by sorption (using ion-exchange C02F1/42; sorbent compositions B01J)
- C02F 1/44: by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis {(general membrane separation processes B01D61/00, membrane modules B01D63/00, electrodialysis C02F1/4693, combination of membrane modules and bioreactors C02F3/1268)}
- C02F 1/52: by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities {(C02F1/463 takes precedence)}
- C02F 2101/20: Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
- C02F 2101/203: {Iron or iron compound}
- C02F 2209/006: comprising a software program or a logic diagram
- C02F 2209/008: comprising telecommunication features, e.g. modems or antennas
- C02F 2209/02: Temperature
- C02F 2209/06: pH
- C02F: TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE (separation in general B01D; special arrangements on waterborne vessels of installations for treating water, waste water or sewage, e.g. for producing fresh water, B63J; adding materials to water to prevent corrosion C23F; treating radioactively-contaminated liquids G21F9/04; regeneration of reactants for recirculation into processes, see the relevant places for the processes)
- B01J: CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS

## Abstract

The present disclosure describes using the naturally present dissolved chemicals as precipitants from local water sources to form an adsorbent. The adsorbent may be collected and used at the right pH and temperature to purify and remove heavy metals from waste water. Once the heavy metals are removed the concentration of the heavy metals are estimated in the reusable water. The local authority acceptable level heavy metal containing reusable water is reclaimed for non-human consumption. This disclosure enables to conserve water and provide a cheap and an effective method to decontaminate industrial waste water.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method, comprising:
Cooling a volume of water having an initial temperature to a desired temperature in a cooling tower;
Aerating the volume of water containing a dissolved chemical for a specific time to precipitate a first precipitant to form a waste;
Cooling and aerating said volume of water to precipitate a second precipitant to form the waste;
Oxidizing said volume of water to precipitate a third precipitant to form the waste;
Drying the waste to remove moisture to form a dry waste; and
Crushing the dry waste to have at least one of a specific surface area, a cumulative pore volume, and a specific pore diameter to form an adsorbent.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the specific pore diameter is between 70-71 angstroms.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the specific surface area is between 25-26 m2/g.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, further comprising:
Placing a fritted membrane in a water tower to filter a reusable water;
Maintaining adsorbent pH at a specific pH;
Mixing the adsorbent with a waste water obtained from an external source; and
Filtering the waste water over the fritted membrane as a continuous flow to remove a heavy metal contaminant and to obtain the reusable water.

### Claim 5 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, wherein the specific pH is between 4 and 5.

### Claim 6 (depends on 4)

The method of claim 4, further comprising:
testing the reusable water for the presence of the heavy metal contaminant to be below a particular threshold; and
reusing the filtered water for a non-human consumption.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6, wherein the heavy metal contaminant is at least one of lead, copper, zinc, cadmium and combinations thereof.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the dissolved chemical is at least one of ferric oxide, calcium oxide, silicate and manganese oxide.

### Claim 9 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the initial temperature is between 55-65° C. degrees.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the desirable temperature is between 25-35° C. degrees.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1, wherein the first precipitant is at least one of calcium bicarbonate, calcium hemihydrate, calcium dihydrate and calcium sulfates, wherein the second precipitant is at least one of manganese salt and magnesium salt, wherein the third precipitant is an iron salt.