# US 8,146,893 B2 · Apparatus and method for generating and tracing vortices

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- Number: US 8,146,893 B2
- Document ID: US8146893B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/313,422
- Filed: 2008-11-19
- Published: 2009-09-10
- Granted: 2012-04-03
- Earliest claimed: 2007-11-19
- Inventors: Timothy Allen Zapalski
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8146893B2

## CPC

- F15D 1/00: Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D: FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS

## Abstract

Apparatus and methods for generating and tracing vortices include an actuator that is moved through a fluid is such a fashion as to produce a difference in pressure between two faces, so that the fluid is drawn from an area of higher pressure into an area of lower pressure around an edge of the actuator, thereby producing a vortex. A vortex generator produces vortices in air or other fluid, without an external chamber being required. The rotational velocity of such a vortex is greater than the rotational velocity of the actuator. The shape, size, and strength of the vortices can be controlled by varying one or more of the size, shape, and speed of the apparatus' actuator including its leading and trailing edges, height of the actuator above the surface, and the angles between the plane of the actuator and the motion through the fluid. A vortex may be visualized easily using a tracing material which is introduced into the vortex. Vortices so produced can be used as amusements or for research into the ways in which vortices interact with structures, including airfoils, vehicles, buildings or other structures.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A vortex generator comprising:
a base having a perforated top and walls, said top and walls defining a space within said base, and said space having a suspension of particles therein, said particles being sufficiently light to be drawn through said perforations in response to a flow of fluid from within said base through said perforations;
an actuator positioned over said base in a fluid;
said actuator having a front, a leading edge, a back, and a trailing edge;
a motor operably linked to said actuator to produce a motion of said actuator in a closed pattern relative to said base; and
wherein motion of said actuator produces a difference in pressure between said front and said back, and wherein said difference in pressure produces a vortex in said fluid.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The vortex generator of claim 1, wherein said actuator is operably linked to said base.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The vortex generator of claim 1, wherein said actuator has a shape selected from the group consisting of circular, semicircular, trapezoidal and rectangular.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The vortex generator of claim 1 wherein said actuator has a trailing edge selected from the shape selected from the group consisting of square, triangular, convex, concave, and beveled.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The vortex generator of claim 1, wherein said particles are solid particles.

### Claim 6 (depends on 1)

The vortex generator of claim 1, wherein said particles are condensed water vapor.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The vortex generator of claim 6, wherein said water vapor is produced by cooling fluid in said base to below the condensation temperature of water in said fluid.

### Claim 8 (depends on 1)

A method for producing a vortex, comprising:
providing a vortex generator of claim 1;
producing motion of said actuator in a closed pattern relative to said base;
wherein said motion produces a vortex having a rotational velocity greater than the rotational velocity of said actuator.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8, wherein said motion of said actuator is substantially circular.

### Claim 10 (depends on 1)

The device of claim 1, wherein said closed pattern of motion of said actuator is oval.

### Claim 11 (depends on 1)

A method for tracing vortices, comprising:
providing a vortex generator of claim 1;
producing motion of said actuator to produce a vortex having a rotational velocity greater than the rotational velocity of said actuator; and wherein said particles in suspension are drawn through said perforations and into said vortex, thereby rendering said vortex visible.