Transparent conducting components and related electro-optic modulator devices

A side conduction electro-optic modulator device operable at a switching voltage, said device comprising:

• a waveguide comprising a core component comprising a non-linear electro-optical material, said core component having a refractive index, and opposed optically-transparent electrically-conductive waveguide cladding components, a portion of one said cladding component above and directly contacting said core component and a portion of another said cladding component below and directly contacting said core component, each said cladding component having a refractive index one of equal to and greater than said core component refractive index at an operative wavelength;
• and
• opposed electrode components, at least one said electrode component positioned to a side of said core component, each said electrode component coupled to said waveguide component with a said cladding component,
• each said cladding component comprising a transparent conducting metal oxide compound providing a transparency and electrical conductivity for a frequency response at a said switching voltage, and each said transparent conducting oxide cladding component coupled to a metal electrode, said device incorporated into an RF transmission line apparatus.