Toner

A toner comprising colored particles and external additive particles,

• wherein the colored particles comprise a binder resin made of a polyester resin and a colorant;
• wherein the toner has a degree of average circularity of 0.950-0.990, a volume based median diameter of 4.5-8.0 μm, a volume based particle diameter dispersibility (CVVOL value) of 15-25, a metal selected from titanium, germanium, and aluminum incorporated at a ratio of 10-1500 ppm;
• wherein external additive particles comprise a complex oxide incorporating silicon atoms and at least one of titanium atoms and aluminum atoms;
• and
• wherein a coefficient (R1)/(R2) is less than 1.0,
• provided that the surface existing ratio of the silicon atoms (R2) is defined as a value obtained from a weight of silicon atoms in the surface divided by the total weight of the silicon atoms, the titanium atoms and the aluminum atoms in the surface;
• and
• the average existing ratio of the silicon atoms (R1) is defined as a value obtained from a weight of silicon atoms in the entirety of the external additive particles divided by the total weight of the silicon atoms, the titanium atoms and the aluminum atoms in the entirety of the external additive particles.