# US 8,091,432 B2 · Monitoring system for concrete pilings and method of installation > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 8,091,432 B2 - Document ID: US8091432B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/637,863 - Filed: 2009-12-15 - Published: 2010-04-15 - Granted: 2012-01-10 - Earliest claimed: 2004-07-23 - Assignees: Smart Structures, Inc. - Inventors: Kurt Hecht; Richard Hecht - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US8091432B2 ## CPC - E02D 5/34: Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position {; Apparatus for making same (E02D5/50 takes precedence; moulds E02D5/665; placing, removing moulds E02D7/00 - E02D11/00; placing the concrete E02D15/04)} - E02D 5/22: Piles (sheet piles, {i.e. elements shaped to mutually lock or mate} E02D5/02; {pile shoes E02D5/72; foundations on piles E02D27/12, E02D27/20}) - E02D 13/06: for observation while placing - E02D 33/00: Testing foundations or foundation structures (testing methods and apparatus, see the relevant subclasses of class G01; testing structures or apparatus as regards function, in general, G01M; testing or determining chemical or physical properties, in general G01N) - G01N 33/383: {Concrete or cement} - G01N 35/00871: {Communications between instruments or with remote terminals} - G01N 2001/021: {Correlating sampling sites with geographical information, e.g. GPS} - G01N 2035/00881: {network configurations} - G01N 2203/0664: using witness specimens - E02D: FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS (specially adapted for hydraulic engineering E02B); UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES {(tunnels, tunnelling, mining E21)} - G01N: INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (measuring or testing apparatus or processes other than immunoassay, involving enzymes or microorganisms C12M, C12Q) ## Abstract A system for tracking and monitoring data related to the manufacture, installation and/or life cycle of concrete structures, such as pilings, as well as related system components and methods for tracking, storing and accessing such data is provided. The system utilizes one or more embeddable antenna assemblies as well as sensor packages that are installed in the concrete structure form before casting. The antenna(s) provide wireless communication of the data from the structure. On board memory is also provided to store structure related data with the structure. A system for tracking a pile during driving is also provided. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A method of monitoring pilings, comprising: inserting a sensor package between strands or reinforcements in a piling form to position sensors in a core area of a piling; connecting a radio module to the piling, the radio module being in communication with the sensor package; casting the piling; determining the strain pre-load and recording it for later use; driving the piling and obtaining data from the sensor package during driving; at least one of monitoring the data obtained from the sensor package during driving and monitoring and using the data during the driving to adjust driving parameters for the pile; and using absolute internal strain information from the data obtained from the sensor package located inside the piling core to maximize driving efficiency in real time during driving of the piling. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: monitoring absolute internal strain information to ensure that driving forces do not exceed a level that would produce a damaging tension stress condition in the piling. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: monitoring absolute internal strain information for changes in pre-load during driving; and using this information to predict piling failure. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: inserting the sensor package at a tip of the piling and inserting a second sensor package at a top of the piling. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: detecting wave speed anomalies using the data and a known distance between the sensors in the piling; and comparing the wave speed anomalies against pre-defined conditions for failure detection. ### Claim 6 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: storing the data obtained from the sensor package in a memory. ### Claim 7 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: transmitting the data obtained to a piling history database for further lifecycle and long term monitoring. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The method of claim 7, further comprising: cutting off a top of the piling; and pulling excess wire or cable located inside a hollow tube from a wire reservoir in proximity to a piling tip in order to connect the sensor package located at a tip of the piling to the networked monitoring node. ### Claim 9 (depends on 1) The method of claim 1, further comprising: retrofitting the piling installing a networked monitoring node that is connected to the sensor package; retaining unique addressing information of a given piling, by logically linking a sensor package address ID; and connecting the node to an external gateway for data transmission for long term monitoring. ### Claim 10 A method of long-term monitoring for pilings, comprising: forming a cast concrete piling with a sensor package located in a core area of the piling; determining a strain pre-load and recording it for later use; driving the piling and obtaining data from the sensor package during driving; retrofitting the piling by installing a networked monitoring node that is connected to the sensor package; retaining unique addressing information of a given piling, by logically linking a sensor package address ID; and connecting the node to an external gateway for data transmission for long term monitoring. ### Claim 11 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: storing pile data in a memory located in the piling. ### Claim 12 (depends on 11) The method of claim 11, further comprising: for a pile having the top cut off after driving, pulling excess wire or cable located inside a hollow tube from a wire reservoir in proximity to a tip wire or cable reservoir in order to connect a tip sensor package to the networked monitoring node. ### Claim 13 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: providing a GPS at the pile; obtaining a location for the pile; and obtaining soil properties for the location. ### Claim 14 (depends on 10) The method of claim 10, further comprising: providing a re-writable memory in the piling; and storing and updating data in the re-writable memory. ### Claim 15 A suspension assembly for positioning at least one sensor between strands in a concrete structure, comprising: first and second U-shaped frames connected to one another; at least one strand engaging member located on each of the U-shaped frames facing away from one another and adapted to engage opposing reinforcement strands or bars of a concrete structure; a slidable carrier attached to the frames for supporting at least one gauge; the first and second U-shaped frames are spring biased away from one another; and centering springs extend between the slidable carrier and the frame for movably sliding the slidable carrier to a centered position on the U-shaped frames, the slidable carrier including provisions for attaching sensors. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The suspension assembly of claim 15, wherein at least one of the strand engaging members is formed of a spring material. ### Claim 17 (depends on 15) The suspension assembly of claim 15, further comprising: a strain gauge connected to the slidable carrier. ### Claim 18 (depends on 15) The suspension assembly of claim 15, further comprising: an accelerometer connected to the slidable carrier. ### Claim 19 A suspension assembly for positioning at least one sensor between strands in a concrete structure, comprising: first and second U-shaped frames connected to one another; at least one strand engaging member located on each of the U-shaped frames facing away from one another and adapted to engage opposing reinforcement strands or bars of a concrete structure, a slidable carrier attached to the frames for supporting at least one gauge; a first opening with at least two opposing V-shaped side walls for registration with a first sensor housing located in the slidable carrier or a mounting plate connected thereto; and a second opening defined in the slidable carrier or the mounting plate connected thereto for a second sensor.