Photovoltaic device and method for manufacturing the same

A photovoltaic device comprising:

• a substrate having a first insulating surface;
• an insulating layer having a second insulating surface, wherein the second insulating surface is formed in contact with the first insulating surface;
• a first electrode formed over the insulating layer;
• a single crystal semiconductor layer formed over the first electrode;
• and
• a second electrode formed over the single crystal semiconductor layer,
• wherein the single crystal semiconductor layer comprises:
• a first impurity layer comprising a first impurity;
• and
• a second impurity layer formed between the first impurity layer and the second electrode, comprising a second impurity,
• wherein a first conductivity type of the first impurity is different from a second conductivity type of the second impurity,
• wherein the second impurity layer comprises:
• a first region;
• and
• a second region formed between the first region and the second electrode,
• wherein a concentration of hydrogen or halogen in the second region is higher than that of the first region,
• wherein the first impurity layer comprises:
• a third region;
• and,
• a fourth region formed between the third region and the first electrode,
• wherein a concentration of hydrogen or halogen in the fourth region is higher than that of the third region, and
• wherein the second insulating surface is able to form a hydrophilic surface.