Carrier, supplemental developer, developer in image developer, developer feeding apparatus, image forming apparatus and process cartridge

A supplemental developer in an image forming apparatus, the supplemental developer comprising:

• a toner;
• and
• a carrier,
• wherein the supplemental developer is fed to an image developer of the image forming apparatus and an extra developer in the image developer is discharged therefrom, and
• wherein at least one of the carrier fed to the image developer and a carrier included in a developer readily contained in the image developer comprises:
• a core material;
• and
• a coated film coating the core material,
• wherein the coated film comprises a binder resin and a particulate material having a ratio of an average particle diameter of the carrier to an average thickness of the coated film of from 0.01 to 1, and comprises concavities and convexities having an average difference of elevation of from 0.05 to 2.0 μm.