Wireless non-radiative energy transfer
AssigneeMassachusetts Institute of Technology
InventorsJohn D. Joannopoulos, Aristeidis Karalis, Marin Soljacic
Life of this patent
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Abstract
The electromagnetic energy transfer device includes a first resonator structure receiving energy from an external power supply. The first resonator structure has a first Q-factor. A second resonator structure is positioned distal from the first resonator structure, and supplies useful working power to an external load. The second resonator structure has a second Q-factor. The distance between the two resonators can be larger than the characteristic size of each resonator. Non-radiative energy transfer between the first resonator structure and the second resonator structure is mediated through coupling of their resonant-field evanescent tails.
Claims111
A method for wirelessly providing electromagnetic power to a load comprising:
- providing a first electromagnetic resonator structure receiving power from an power supply, said first resonator structure having a mode with a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1),
- providing a second electromagnetic resonator structure being positioned distal from said first resonator structure and not electrically wired to the first resonator structure, said second resonator structure coupled to the load and having a mode with a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and a second Q-factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2), and
- wirelessly providing electromagnetic power from said first resonator structure to said second resonator structure over a distance D that is smaller than each of the resonant wavelengths λ1 and λ2 corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2, respectively,
- wherein the electromagnetic resonator structures are designed to have (√{square root over (Q1Q2)})>100 .
A system for wirelessly providing power to a load, the system comprising:
- a first electromagnetic resonator structure configured to receive power from a power supply, said first resonator structure having a mode with a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1=ω1(2Γ1), and
- a second electromagnetic resonator structure being positioned distal from said first resonator structure and not electrically wired to the first resonator structure, said second resonator structure configured to be coupled to the load and having a mode having a resonant frequency ω2, said second resonator structure having a second mode with a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and a second Q-factor Q2=(2Γ2),
- wherein said first resonator is configured to wirelessly transfer electromagnetic energy to said second resonator over a distance D that is smaller than each of the resonant wavelengths λ1 and λ2, corresponding to the resonant frequencies ω1 and ω2, respectively,
- wherein the electromagnetic resonator structures are designed to have (√{square root over (Q1Q2)})>100 .
A mobile wireless receiver for use with a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply, the first resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), the mobile wireless receiver comprising:
- a load;
- and
- a second electromagnetic resonator configured to be coupled to the load and movable relative to the first resonator, the second resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and a second Q-factor Q2=ω2/(2Γ2),
- wherein the second resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to the first resonator to provide resonant non-radiative wireless power to the second resonator from the first resonator with a wireless energy transfer rate κ, and
- wherein (√{square root over (Q1Q2)})>100 .
A power source for wirelessly providing power to a mobile wireless receiver, the power source comprising:
- a power supply;
- and
- a first electromagnetic resonator coupled to a power supply, the first resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω1, an intrinsic loss rate Γ1, and a first Q-factor Q1=ω1/(2Γ1), the portable electronic device,
- wherein the first resonator is configured to be wirelessly coupled to a second electromagnetic resonator in the mobile wireless receiver to provide non-radiative wireless power to the second resonator from the first resonator with a wireless energy transfer rate κ,
- wherein the second electromagnetic resonator is coupled to a load in the mobile wireless receiver and movable relative to the first resonator, the second resonator having a mode with a resonant frequency ω2, an intrinsic loss rate Γ2, and a second Q-factor Q2=ω2(2Γ2),
- wherein (√{square root over (Q1Q2)})>100 .
Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.