Composite comprising array of needle-like crystal, method for producing the same, photovoltaic conversion element, light emitting element, and capacitor

A composite comprising a base, an array of a plurality of needle-like crystals made of first oxide and formed on a surface of the base, and a coating film containing second oxide and covering a surface of the needle-like crystals:

• wherein the array includes a first region on a side of the base and a second region on an opposite side to the base with respect to the first region;
• and
• wherein an orientation degree of the needle-like crystals in the first region is low in comparison with the second region, and the surface of the base is substantially covered with the needle-like crystals in the first region.

A composite comprising a base, an array of a plurality of needle-like crystals made of first oxide and formed on a surface of the base, and a coating film containing second oxide and covering a surface of the needle-like crystals:

• wherein the needle-like crystals include first needle-like crystals extending from respective plural starting points positioned spaced apart from one another on the surface of the base in a direction producing an angle with the surface of the base such that falls within a specific angular range, and second needle-like crystals extending from the respective starting points in a direction within a wider angular range encompassing the specific angular range and shorter than the first needle-like crystals;
• and
• wherein a portion on the surface of the base exposed through the first needle-like crystals is substantially covered with the second needle-like crystals.