Nanoelectronic differential amplifiers and related circuits having graphene nanoribbons

A method for forming a multiple transistor differential amplifier on a single graphene nanoribbon sensor, the method comprising:

• forming a first plurality of electrical conductors on a single graphene nanoribbon, each conductor configured to form an electrical contact at a separate portion the graphene nanoribbon;
• forming a second plurality of electrical conductors, each conductor being separated from the graphene nanoribbon by an electrically insulating material so that each of the second plurality of electrical conductors exerts an electric field on the graphene nanoribbon sufficient to form a gate of a field effect transistor;
• forming a current source in a first section of the graphene nanoribbon wherein the current source comprises least one of the electrical contacts and at least one of the gates;
• and
• forming a differential amplifier formed in a second section of the graphene nanoribbon wherein the differential amplifier comprises at least one of the electrical contacts and at least one of the gates, and the differential amplifier is connected with the current source,
• wherein at least a first portion of the differential amplifier comprising a first graphene nanoribbon transistor is electrically responsive to a incoming electrical signal presented to the first graphene nanoribbon transistor,
• wherein at least a second portion of the differential amplifier comprising a first graphene nanoribbon transistor electrically is responsive to the incoming electrical signal, and
• wherein the differential amplifier and current source together operate as a differential amplifier configured to generate an outgoing signal responsive to the incoming electrical signal.

An optically interconnected graphene nanoribbon electronic system, the system comprising:

• a first plurality of electrical conductors, each conductor configured to form an electrical contact at a separate portion of a single graphene nanoribbon;
• a second plurality of electrical conductors, each conductor separated from the graphene nanoribbon by an electrically insulating material so that each of the second plurality of electrical conductors exerts an electric field on the graphene nanoribbon sufficient to form a gate of a first field effect transistor in a first portion of the graphene nanoribbon;
• a first graphene nanoribbon sensor in a second portion of the graphene nanoribbon, the graphene nanoribbon sensor electrically responsive to an incoming optical stimulus presented to the first graphene nanoribbon sensor;
• a third plurality of electrical conductors, each conductor configured to form an electrical contact at a separate portion the graphene nanoribbon;
• a fourth plurality of electrical conductors, each conductor separated from the graphene nanoribbon by an electrically insulating material so that each of the second plurality of electrical conductors exerts an electric field on the graphene nanoribbon sufficient to form a gate of a second field effect transistor in a second portion of the graphene nanoribbon;
• a graphene nanoribbon light emission element in the second portion of the graphene nanoribbon, the graphene nanoribbon light emission element responsive to electrical signals from the second field effect transistor;
• wherein the graphene nanoribbon implements a first field effect transistor electrical circuit and a second field effect transistor electrical circuit;
• and
• wherein the first field effect transistor electrical circuit provides a first optical signal to the second field effect transistor electrical circuit.