Lighting device including plural optical structures having at least two different refraction indices, and lighting methods

A method of lighting, comprising:

• illuminating at least a first solid state light emitter to emit first solid state emitter light, said first solid state light emitter positioned and oriented such that at least a portion of said first solid state emitter light will enter into a second optical device structure of a first optical device in a lighting device,
• said first optical device comprising at least a first optical device structure, said second optical device structure and a third optical device structure,
• said first optical device structure comprising a first surface and a second surface,
• said second optical device structure comprising a third surface and a fourth surface,
• said third optical device structure comprising a fifth surface and a sixth surface,
• said second surface in contact with said third surface,
• said fourth surface in contact with said fifth surface,
• a first region of said second optical device structure comprising at least a portion of said fourth surface,
• a first region of said third optical device structure comprising at least a portion of said fifth surface,
• said first region of said second optical device structure having a first index of refraction,
• said first region of said third optical device structure having a second index of refraction,
• said first index of refraction greater than said second index of refraction, and
• at least one of (1) at least a portion of said first surface and (2) at least a portion of said sixth surface constituting an external surface of said lighting device.