Vehicle and propulsion system including an internal combustion engine

An internal combustion engine comprising:

• a crankshaft rotating on a crankshaft axis;
• a crankcase supporting the crankshaft for relative rotation on the crankshaft axis;
• a plurality of cylinders extending from the crankcase, each of the plurality of cylinders including a central longitudinal cylinder axis extending radially with respect to the crankshaft axis, a first set of the cylinder axes together with the crankshaft axis defines a first cylinder bank plane, a second set of the cylinder axes together with the crankshaft axis defines a second cylinder bank plane, and the first and second bank planes extend in a V-configuration defining 1) an acute included sector between the two cylinder bank planes, and 2) an excluded sector;
• a plurality of camshafts consisting of:
• a first camshaft rotating on a first camshaft axis parallel to the crankshaft axis, the first camshaft being disposed in the crankcase within the acute included sector between the two cylinder blank planes;
• a second camshaft rotating on a second camshaft axis parallel to the crankshaft axis, the second camshaft being disposed in the crankcase within the excluded sector;
• and a third camshaft rotating on a third camshaft axis parallel to the crankshaft axis, the third camshaft being disposed in the crankcase within the excluded sector.

An internal combustion engine comprising:

• first and second cylinders in a V-configuration;
• a plurality of camshafts consisting of:
• an intake camshaft rotating on an intake camshaft axis, the intake camshaft including first and second intake cam lobes;
• a first exhaust camshaft rotating on a first exhaust axis parallel to the intake camshaft axis, the first exhaust camshaft including a first exhaust cam lobe;
• and a second exhaust camshaft rotating on a second exhaust axis parallel to the intake camshaft axis, the second exhaust camshaft including a second exhaust cam lobe;
• and a plurality of valves including:
• a first intake valve letting in an intake charge to the first cylinder, the first intake valve being reciprocated along a first intake valve axis in response to rotation of the first intake cam lobe;
• a first exhaust valve letting out combustion products from the first cylinder, the first exhaust valve being reciprocated along a first exhaust valve axis in response to rotation of the first exhaust cam lobe, and the first intake and exhaust valve axes being parallel and defining a first valve plane;
• a second intake valve letting in an intake charge to the second cylinder, the second intake valve being reciprocated along a second intake valve axis in response to rotation of the second intake cam lobe;
• and a second exhaust valve letting out combustion products from the second cylinder, the second exhaust valve being reciprocated along a second exhaust valve axis in response to rotation of the second exhaust cam lobe, the second intake and exhaust valve axes being parallel and defining a second valve plane.