Substrates containing polyphosphazene as matrices and substrates containing polyphosphazene with microstructured surface

A method for producing an implantable biological material, the method comprising:

• providing a form-building surface of a substrate;
• disposing a polymer of general formula (I) to form a biocompatible coating layer, at least partially, above the form-building surface of the substrate;
• contacting donor cells of a biological starting material with the biocompatible coating layer to promote the formation of cellular aggregations of the biological starting material above the biocompatible coating layer;
• and
• detaching in vitro the cellular aggregations of the biological starting material from the biocompatible coating layer to produce the implantable biological material,
• wherein the general formula (I) is
• wherein n is 2 to ∞, and
• wherein R1 to R6 are the same or different and represent a group selected from the group consisting of an alkoxy, an alkylsulfonyl, a dialkylamino, an aryloxy, a heterocycloalkyl having nitrogen as a heteroatom, and a heteroaryl having nitrogen as a heteroatom.