US 8,006,631 B2Granted

Radioactive waste reprocessing method and device

AssigneesJoint Stock Company "Alliance-Gamma", State Unitary Enterprise Moscow Scientific & Industrial Assn.

InventorsArthur Eduardovich Arustamov, Demetrius Rudolfovich Vasendin, Valeriy Alekseevich Gorbunov, Sergey Aleksandrovich Dmitriev, Fyodor Anatolevich Lifanov, Alexander Pavlovich Kobelev, Mikhail Anatolevich Polkanov

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Abstract

Radioactive waste treatment method, includes: (a) loading waste into plasma shaft furnace by conveying waste by hermetic conveyor from automated storage into plasma shaft furnace, wherein conveying is loading is controlled; (b) pyrolizing waste; (c) oxidizing coke; (d) withdrawing pyrogas and slug from furnace; (e) afterburning pyrogas in combustion chamber at an afterburning temperature of 1200-1350° C.; (f) supplying air into combustion chamber at two levels during afterburning step: (1) prechamber pyrogas air supply level, and (2) an upper part of combustion chamber air supply level; and (g) quenching an off-gas to 200-250° C. with subsequent mechanical cleaning and absorption cleaning and further cooling. A radioactive waste treatment plant is also disclosed.

Claims10

Dependent claims

A radioactive waste treatment method, comprising the steps of:

loading waste into a plasma shaft furnace by conveying the waste by a hermetic conveyor from automated storage into the plasma shaft furnace, wherein the conveyor loading is controlled;
pyrolizing the waste;
oxidizing coke;
withdrawing pyrogas and a slug from the furnace;
afterburning the pyrogas in a combustion chamber at an afterburning temperature of 1200-1350° C. by directing said pyrogas in a downstream direction through said combustion chamber;
supplying air into the combustion chamber at two levels during the afterburning step:
(1) a prechamber pyrogas air supply level, and (2) an upper part of the combustion chamber air supply level, said prechamber being upstream of the upper part of the combustion chamber;
and
quenching an off-gas to 200-250° C. for preventing dioxin formation;
and
directing quenched off-gas through a mechanical filter for removing particulate material from said quenched off-gas;
directing off-gas from said mechanical filter through a scrubber for further cleaning and cooling;
and
directing off-gas from the scrubber through a heat exchanger for further cooling.

11 more elements

A radioactive waste treatment plant, comprising:

a waste loading unit for directing waste into an upper end of a shaft of a plasma shaft furnace, said waste loading unit being connected with an automated waste storage system by a hermetic conveyor, wherein the waste loading unit comprises a heat shield, a loading pipe, and a loading tray equipped with at least two sliding shutters, said loading pipe including an opening adjacent said upper end of the shaft of the plasma shaft furnace through which waste is introduced into said plasma shaft furnace;
at least one waste presence sensor adjacent said opening in the loading pipe for aiding in controlling the loading of waste into said plasma shaft furnace;
said plasma shaft furnace comprising two centrifugal jets for emergency irrigation, a smelter in a bottom furnace part and a slug discharging unit connected with a melted slug receiving unit;
an air supply unit communicating with the shaft of the plasma shaft furnace;
a gas flue communicating with an upper end of said shaft of the plasma shaft furnace and a pyrogas combustion chamber;
said pyrogas combustion chamber comprising a prechamber, a prechamber cover, a plasmatron installed in the prechamber cover, a pyrogas supply level air supply device installed at a pyrogas supply level in the prechamber, and an upper combustion chamber air supply device installed in an upper part of the combustion chamber;
an evaporating heat exchanger communicating with said pyrogas combustion chamber through a gas flue for gas quenching gas received from said combustion chamber through said gas flue;
a gas cleaning system communicating with said evaporating heat exchanger comprising a bag filter, a filter-separator and a fine filter;
a scrubber communicating with the bag filter for receiving and scrubbing off-gas received from said bag filter;
and
a heat exchanger unit communicating with said scrubber for receiving gas from said scrubber and further cooling said gas from said scrubber.

8 more elements

Dependencies are inferred from the claim text.