Toner process

A process for latex preparation comprising:

• a first heating of a latomer mixture comprising at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound and then adding at least one alkylene anhydride;
• a second heating of the latomer mixture;
• a third heating of the latomer mixture to form polymeric particles;
• and combining at least one amine with the polymeric particles to aggregate and coalesce the polymeric particles,
• wherein the at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound is present in the latomer mixture in an amount of from about 85% to about 99% by weight relative to the at least one alkylene anhydride;
• wherein the at least one alkylene anhydride is present in the latomer mixture in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight relative to the at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound;
• wherein the at least one amine is present in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 10% by weight relative to the amount of the polymeric particles;
• wherein the at least one amine is selected from the group consisting of polyetheramines, polyoxypropylenediamine, N-isopropyl-N′-phenyl-phenylene diamine, N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-phenylene-diamine, N,N′-di(2-octyl) -4-phenylene diamine, N,N′-bis(1,4-dimethylpentyl)-4-phenylene diamine, and dihydroxy tetraphenyl biphenylene diamine, and
• wherein the at least one free radical polymerizable monomer compound and the at least one alkylene anhydride react in a molar ratio of about 1:1.