Thick-shell nanocrystal quantum dots

Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, wherein the outer shell comprises at least seven monolayers of an inorganic material, wherein at least one of said monolayers comprises CdS, and wherein at least 80% of the quantum dots are stable for a period of at least 10 minutes.

Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, wherein the outer shell comprises at least seven monolayers of an inorganic material, wherein the inner core comprises a material selected from the group consisting of GaP, GaAs, GaSb, InP, InAs, InSb, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe, CdS, CdTe, PbS, PbSe, PbTe, and combinations thereof and wherein at least 30% of the quantum dots have an on-time fraction of 0.80 or greater for a period of at least 10 minutes.

Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, where said outer shell comprises multiple monolayers, wherein at least 30% of the quantum dots have an on-time fraction of 0.80 or greater under continuous excitation conditions for a period of time of at least 10 minutes.

Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, wherein the inner core comprises CdSe, wherein the outer shell is comprised of from seven to about twenty monolayers of CdS, and wherein at least 15% of the quantum dots have an on-time fraction of at least 0.99 for a period of time of at least 10 minutes.

Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, wherein the inner core comprises CdSe and wherein the outer shell is an alloyed shell comprising from seven to about twenty monolayers comprising ZnS, CdS, or combinations thereof.