Polycondensation product based on aromatic or heteroaromatic compounds, method for the production thereof, and use thereof

A polycondensation product that is a reaction product consisting of:

• A) an aromatic or heteroaromatic compound having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein in the heteroaromatic compound some of the carbon atoms, are replaced by heteroatoms, and which contain, on average, from at least 1 to 300 of at least one of an oxyethylene and an oxypropylene group per molecule which are bound via an O or N atom to said aromatic or heteroaromatic compound;
• B) at least one aromatic compound selected from the group consisting of a phenol, a phenol ether, a naphthol, a naphthol ether, an aniline and a furfuryl alcohol, or an aminoplastic former selected from the group consisting of a melamine, a melamine derivative, urea, a urea derivative, and a carboxamide, or a combination thereof;
• and
• C) at least one an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, glyoxylic acid and benzaldehyde, wherein the benzaldehyde may optionally comprise acid groups of the formulae COOMa, SO3Ma and PO3Ma, wherein M is selected from the group consisting of H, an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, ammonium and an organic amine radical and a is ½, 1 or 2 and wherein the aromatic component B) has substituents selected only from the group consisting of OH, NH2, OR2, NHR2, NR2R2, COOH, C1-C4-alkyl, PO3H2 and OPO3H2, wherein the alkyl radicals may in optionally comprise phenyl or 4-hydroxyphenyl radicals and R2 is a C1-C4-alkyl radical which may optionally comprise a substituent selected from the group consisting of OH, COOH, PO3H2 and OPO3H2, and wherein if component A) or component B) comprises COOH, aldehyde component C) is glyoxylic acid wherein the component B) is a compound selected from the group consisting of phenoxyacetic acid, phenoxyethanol, phenoxyethanol phosphate, phenoxydiglycol, phenoxy(poly)ethyleneglycol phosphate, methoxyphenol, resorcinol, cresol, bisphenol A, nonylphenol, aniline, methylaniline, N-phenyldiethanolamine, N-phenyl-N, N-dipropanoic acid, N-phenyl-N, N-diacetic acid, N-phenyldiethanolamine diphosphate, phenolsulphonic acid, anthranilic acid, succinic monoamide, furfuryl alcohol, melamine, and urea.