Colorant treated ion exchange resins, method of making, heat transfer systems and assemblies containing the same, and method of use

A fuel cell system, comprising

• at least one fuel cell comprising an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte;
• and
• a fuel cell heat transfer system in thermal communication with the at least one fuel cell, comprising
• a circulation loop defining a flow path for a colored liquid heat transfer fluid having a conductivity of less than 10 μS/cm, and
• an ion exchange resin positioned in the flow path, the ion exchange resin comprising ion exchangeable groups, wherein at least 15% of the total ion exchangeable groups comprise a colorant
• wherein the colorant is of the formula:
• R{Ak[(B)nR1]m}x
• wherein
• R is an organic chromophore selected from the group consisting of anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, diphenylmethane, azo containing compounds, disazo containing compounds, trisazo containing compounds, diazo containing compounds, xanthene, acridine, indene, phthalocyanine, azaannulene, nitroso, nitro, diarylmethane, triarylmethane, methine, indamine, azine, oxazine, thiazine, quinoline, indigoid, indophenol, lactone, aminoketone, hydroxyketone, stilbene, thiazole, one or more conjugated aromatic groups, one or more conjugated heterocyclic groups, one or more C-C double bonds, or combinations thereof;
• A is a linking moiety in said chromophore and is selected from the group consisting of O, N or S;
• k is 0 or 1;
• B is selected from the group consisting of one or more alkyleneoxy or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;
• n is an interger of from 1 to 100;
• m is 1 or 2;
• x is an integer of from 1 to 5;
• and
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof.

A method of maintaining a conductivity of less than 10 μS/cm in a colored heat transfer fluid, comprising

• passing a colored heat transfer fluid through a heat transfer system, wherein the colored heat transfer fluid has a conductivity of less than 10 μS/cm and the heat transfer system comprises
• a circulation loop defining a flow path for the colored heat transfer fluid, and
• an ion exchange resin positioned in the flow path, the ion exchange resin comprising at least 15% by total number of exchangeable groups comprising a colorant, based on the total number of exchangeable groups
• wherein the colorant is of the formula:
• R{Ak[(B)nR1]m}x
• wherein
• R is an organic chromophore selected from the group consisting of anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, diphenylmethane, azo containing compounds, disazo containing compounds, trisazo containing compounds, diazo containing compounds, xanthene, acridine, indene, phthalocyanine, azaannulene, nitroso, nitro, diarylmethane, triarylmethane, methine, indamine, azine, oxazine, thiazine, quinoline, indigoid, indophenol, lactone, aminoketone, hydroxyketone, stilbene, thiazole, one or more conjugated aromatic groups, one or more conjugated heterocyclic groups, one or more C-C double bonds, or combinations thereof;
• A is a linking moiety in said chromophore and is selected from the group consisting of O, N or S;
• k is 0 or 1;
• B is selected from the group consisting of one or more alkyleneoxy or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;
• n is an interger of from 1 to 100;
• m is 1 or 2;
• x is an integer of from 1 to 5;
• and
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof.

A method of making a colorant treated ion exchange resin, comprising

• contacting an ion exchange resin with an aqueous colorant solution for a period of time sufficient to exchange at least 15% of the exchange sites with colorant
• wherein the colorant is of the formula:
• R{Ak[(B)nR1]m}x
• wherein
• R is an organic chromophore selected from the group consisting of anthraquinone, triphenylmethane, diphenylmethane, azo containing compounds, disazo containing compounds, trisazo containing compounds, diazo containing compounds, xanthene, acridine, indene, phthalocyanine, azaannulene, nitroso, nitro, diarylmethane, triarylmethane, methine, indamine, azine, oxazine, thiazine, quinoline, indigoid, indophenol, lactone, aminoketone, hydroxyketone, stilbene, thiazole, one or more conjugated aromatic groups, one or more conjugated heterocyclic groups, one or more C-C double bonds, or combinations thereof;
• A is a linking moiety in said chromophore and is selected from the group consisting of O, N or S;
• k is 0 or 1;
• B is selected from the group consisting of one or more alkyleneoxy or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms;
• n is an interger of from 1 to 100;
• m is 1 or 2;
• x is an integer of from 1 to 5;
• and
• R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl or alkoxy groups containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or combinations thereof.