Site-selectively modified micro-and nanostructures and the methods of their fabrication

A method for producing a micro- or nano-structure, comprising the steps of:

• pressing a mold onto a substrate from an outermost surface of the substrate, wherein the mold has indentation/protrusion structures on a surface of the mold and the substrate is composed of a polymer material having a composition changing in a depth direction, to press the protrusion structure of the mold into a portion of the polymer material having a composition different than that of the outermost surface of the substrate at a temperature lower than a glass transition point of the polymer and transfer the indentation/protrusion structures to the substrate from the outermost surface into the portion of the polymer material different than that of the outermost surface of the substrate;
• and
• releasing the mold from the substrate to form pillars of the polymer material, exposed faces of the pillars having a composition different from that of the outermost surface.