Aqueous dispersion of inorganic nanoparticles, method for the production and use thereof

An aqueous dispersion, comprising

• (A) at least one swellable polymer and/or oligomer containing at least one functional group that is at least one of an anionic functional group, a potentially anionic functional group, and/or a nonionic hydrophilic functional group,
• (B) surface-modified, cationically stabilized, inorganic nanoparticles of at least one kind, wherein the nanoparticles are modified with at least one compound of the general formula I:
• [(S-)o-L-]mM(R)n(H)p (I)
• in which the indices and variables have the following meanings:
• S is a reactive functional group;
• L is an at least divalent organic linking group;
• H is a hydrolyzable monovalent group or a hydrolyzable atom;
• M is a divalent to hexavalent main group or transition group metal;
• R is a monovalent organic radical;
• o is an integer from 1 to 5;
• m+n+p is an integer from 2 to 6;
• p is an integer from 1 to 6;
• and
• m and n are zero or an integer from 1 to 5,
• (C) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of amphiphiles and organic compounds which are capable of forming chelate ligands, and
• (D) at least one crosslinking agent,
• wherein the aqueous dispersion has a pH of from 2 to 7 and the compound of the general formula I, (C), and (D) are each different.