Integrated reactors, methods of making same, and methods of conducting simultaneous exothermic and endothermic reactions

An integrated reactor, comprising:

• a first reaction chamber having a width of 2 mm or less,
• wherein there is an open path through the first reaction chamber,
• wherein the first reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising 5 to 95 vol. % of porous catalyst and 5 to 95 vol. % of open space;
• and
• a second reaction chamber having a width of 2 mm or less,
• wherein there is an open path through the second reaction chamber,
• wherein the second reaction chamber has an internal volume comprising a catalyst and at least 5 vol. % of open space;
• and
• a reaction chamber wall separating the first chamber and the second chamber;
• and
• wherein the integrated reactor possesses a heat flux characteristic of at least 1 W/cc as measured according to the Heat Flux Measurement Test;
• or wherein the integrated reactor possesses a NOx output characteristic of less than 100 ppm as measured according to the Standard NOx Test Measurement;
• further comprising a fluid channel adjacent the second reaction chamber and a channel wall separating the fluid channel and the second reaction chamber wherein the channel wall comprises apertures along the length of the channel wall;
• and
• wherein, during operation, air or oxygen flows through the fluid channel, a fuel flows through the second reaction chamber, and the air or oxygen in the fluid channel flows through the apertures into the second reaction chamber.