Modulators of ATP-binding cassette transporters

A compound of the formula:

• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein
• R1 is —ZAR4, wherein each ZA is independently a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZA are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRA—, —CONRANRA—, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRACO2—, —O—, —NRACONRA—, —OCONRA—, —NRANRA—, —NRACO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRA—, —SO2NRA—, —NRASO2—, or —NRASO2NRA—;
• Each R4 is independently RA, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN, or —OCF3;
• Each RA is independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic, an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted aryl;
• n is 2 and the two R2 are adjacent to each other and together with the atoms to which they are attached form
• Ring A is an optionally substituted 3-7 membered monocyclic ring;
• Ring B is a group of the formula
• or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof;
• wherein
• p is 0-2;
• Each R3 and R′3 is independently ZCR6, where each ZC is independently a bond or an optionally substituted branched or straight C1-6 aliphatic chain wherein up to two carbon units of ZC are optionally and independently replaced by —CO—, —CS—, —CONRC—, CONRCNRC, —CO2—, —OCO—, —NRCCO2—, —O—, —NRCCONRC—, —OCONRC—, —NRCNRC—, —NRCCO—, —S—, —SO—, —SO2—, —NRC, —SO2NRC—, —NRCSO2—, or —NRCSO2NRC—;
• Each RC is independently RC, halo, —OH, —NH2, —NO2, —CN, or —OCF3;
• and
• Each RC is independently hydrogen, an optionally substituted aliphatic, an optionally substituted cycloaliphatic, or an optionally substituted aryl;
• Or, any two adjacent R3 groups together with the atoms to which they are attached form an optionally substituted heterocycle.