# US 7,746,544 B2 · Electro-osmotic displays and materials for making the same

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- Number: US 7,746,544 B2
- Document ID: US7746544B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 12/059,306
- Filed: 2008-03-31
- Published: 2009-01-29
- Granted: 2010-06-29
- Earliest claimed: 1995-07-20
- Assignees: E Ink Corporation
- Inventors: Barrett Comiskey; Joseph M. Jacobson
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7746544B2

## CPC

- G02F 1/16757: Microcapsules
- B25B 13/461: {with concentric driving and driven member}
- B41J 3/4076: {printing on rewritable, bistable "electronic paper" by a focused electric or magnetic field}
- B82Y 10/00: Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
- G02B 26/005: {based on electrowetting}
- G02B 26/026: {based on the rotation of particles under the influence of an external field, e.g. gyricons, twisting ball displays (based on orientable dipolar particles G02F1/172; based on electrophoresis G02F1/167)}
- G02F 1/1343: Electrodes {(reflective electrodes G02F1/133553)}
- G02F 1/1345: Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
- G02F 1/135: Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a photoconducting or a ferro-electric layer, the properties of which can be optically or electrically varied {(G02F1/133348 takes precedence)}
- G02F 1/167: by electrophoresis
- G02F 1/172: {based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays}
- G06F 15/0283: {for data storage and retrieval}
- G06K 19/07703: {the interface being visual}
- G09F 9/302: characterised by the form or geometrical disposition of the individual elements
- G09F 9/372: {the positions of the elements being controlled by the application of an electric field}
- H10D 86/00: Integrated devices formed in or on insulating or conducting substrates, e.g. formed in silicon-on-insulator [SOI] substrates or on stainless steel or glass substrates
- H10K 10/46: Field-effect transistors, e.g. organic thin-film transistors [OTFT] (H10K10/43 takes precedence)
- G02F 1/133305: {Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film}
- G02F 1/133348: {Charged particles addressed liquid crystal cells, e.g. controlled by an electron beam}
- G02F 1/13336: {Combining plural substrates to produce large-area displays, e.g. tiled displays}
- G02F 1/1334: based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
- G02F 1/1365: in which the switching element is a two-electrode device {(G02F1/136277 takes precedence)}
- G02F 1/1681: having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
- G02F 2001/1678: {characterised by the composition or particle type}
- G02F 2202/12: photoconductor
- G02F 2202/28: Adhesive materials or arrangements
- H10K 10/462: {Insulated gate field-effect transistors [IGFETs]}
- H10K 85/113: {Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene}
- H10K 85/114: {Poly-phenylenevinylene; Derivatives thereof}
- H10K 85/20: Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K 85/30: Coordination compounds
- H10K 85/311: {Phthalocyanine}
- H10K 85/60: Organic compounds having low molecular weight (H10K85/10 - H10K85/50 take precedence)
- H10K 85/611: {Charge transfer complexes}
- H10K 85/615: {Polycyclic condensed aromatic hydrocarbons, e.g. anthracene}
- G02F: OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- B25B: TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING, OR HOLDING
- B41J: TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B82Y: SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- G02B: OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G06F: ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING (computer systems based on specific computational models G06N)
- G06K: GRAPHICAL DATA READING (image or video recognition or understanding G06V); PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
- G09F: DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- H10D: INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10K: ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES

## Abstract

Disclosed herein are novel electrophoretic displays and materials useful in fabricating such displays. In particular, novel encapsulated displays are disclosed. Particles encapsulated therein are dispersed within a suspending, or electrophoretic, fluid. This fluid may be a mixture of two or more fluids or may be a single fluid. The displays may further comprise particles dispersed in a suspending fluid, wherein the particles contain a liquid. In either case, the suspending fluid may have a density or refractive index substantially matched to that of the particles dispersed therein. Finally, also disclosed herein are electro-osmotic displays. These displays comprise at least one capsule containing either a cellulosic or gel-like internal phase and a liquid phase, or containing two or more immiscible fluids. Application of electric fields to any of the electrophoretic displays described herein affects an optical property of the display.

## Claims

### Claim 1

An encapsulated electrophoretic display, comprising a capsule containing at least two immiscible fluids, each fluid having a different refractive index such that the fluids create a first optical effect, wherein at least one of the fluids within the capsule moves to create a second optical effect in response to an electric field, and wherein at least one of the fluids contains a dye.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein a planar index mismatch results from the motion of the fluids in the capsule.

### Claim 3 (depends on 1)

The display of claim 1, wherein a non-planar index mismatch results from the motion of the fluids in the capsule.