# US 7,746,193 B2 · Miniature 180 degree hybrid coupler > Agents: this data is available as JSON from the patentgrep API and MCP server — see https://patentgrep.com/llms.txt - Number: US 7,746,193 B2 - Document ID: US7746193B2 - Status: Granted - Kind: B2 - Application number: 12/193,920 - Filed: 2008-08-19 - Published: 2010-02-25 - Granted: 2010-06-29 - Earliest claimed: 2008-08-19 - Assignees: Harris Corporation - Inventors: Ronald J. Hash; Kurt W. Wampach - Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7746193B2 ## CPC - H01P 5/12: Coupling devices having more than two ports (H01P5/04 takes precedence) - H01P: WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE (operating at optical frequencies G02B) ## Abstract A 180° hybrid coupler (100) includes a first transmission line transformer (101) and a second transmission line transformer (102). Each of the first and second transmission line transformers is comprised of a coplanar stripline structure disposed in a spiral configuration. Each of the coplanar stripline structures has a first characteristic impedance and is configured to function as a balun. A common input feed (202) is coupled to each of the first and second transmission line transformers. A third transmission line transformer (103) and a fourth transmission line transformer (104) are also provided. Each of the third and fourth transmission line transformers is also configured to function as a balun and is coupled to the first and second transmission line transformers. ## Claims ### Claim 1 A 180° hybrid coupler, comprising: a first transmission line transformer and a second transmission line transformer, each comprised of coplanar stripline disposed in a spiral configuration, each coplanar stripline having a first characteristic impedance and configured to function as a balun; a common input feed coupled to each of said first and second transmission line transformers; a third transmission line transformer and a fourth transmission line transformer, each configured to function as a balun and coupled to said first and second transmission line transformers, said third and fourth transmission line transformers each comprised of coplanar stripline disposed in a spiral configuration, said coplanar stripline having a second characteristic impedance different from said first characteristic impedance; a first resistor connected between a second output node of said first transmission line transformer and a second output node of said second transmission line transformer; a second resistor connected between a first output node of said first transmission line transformer and a first output node of said second transmission line transformer; and wherein said first, second, third, and fourth transmission line transformers are configured to produce a first output signal from said third transmission line transformer which is approximately 180 degrees out of phase relative to a second output signal from said fourth transmission line transformer when an input signal is applied to said common input feed. ### Claim 2 (depends on 1) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 1, wherein said first characteristic impedance value is approximately equal to the product of the second characteristic impedance and √2. ### Claim 3 (depends on 1) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said first resistor and said second resistor has a resistance value approximately equal to a value of said second characteristic impedance. ### Claim 4 (depends on 1) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 1, wherein said spiral configuration is a rectangular spiral. ### Claim 5 (depends on 1) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 1, wherein said common input feed is comprised of a coplanar waveguide. ### Claim 6 A 180° hybrid coupler, comprising: a first impedance network and a second impedance network, each configured to function as a balun, said first impedance network and said second impedance network each having a first characteristic impedance; a first and second input node, and a first and second output node; said first and second input node of said first impedance network respectively connected to said first and second input node of said second impedance network; a third impedance network and a fourth impedance network, each configured to function as a balun, said third and fourth impedance network each having a second characteristic impedance, a first and second input node, and a first and second output node; a first output node of said first impedance network connected to said first input node of said third impedance network, and said second output node of said first impedance network connected to said second input node of said fourth impedance network; said first output node of said second impedance network connected to a first input node of said fourth impedance network, and said second output node of said second impedance network connected to said second input node of said third impedance network; a first resistor connected between said second output nodes of said first impedance network and said second impedance network; a second resistor connected between said first output nodes of said first impedance network and said second impedance network; wherein said first, second, third, and fourth impedance networks are transmission line transformers comprised of coplanar stripline; wherein said transmission line transformers are configured to produce a first output signal from said third impedance transformer, which is approximately 180 degrees out of phase relative to a second output signal from said fourth impedance transformer, when an input signal is applied to said first and second input nodes of said first and second impedance transformers. ### Claim 7 (depends on 6) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 6, wherein each of said transmission line transformers are disposed in a spiral configuration. ### Claim 8 (depends on 7) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 7, wherein said spiral configurations are rectangular spirals. ### Claim 9 (depends on 6) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 6, wherein said first characteristic impedance is a different value compared to said second characteristic impedance. ### Claim 10 (depends on 6) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 6, wherein said first characteristic impedance value is approximately equal to the product of the second characteristic impedance and √2. ### Claim 11 (depends on 6) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 6, wherein at least one of said first resistor and said second resistor has a resistance value approximately equal to a value of said second characteristic impedance. ### Claim 12 (depends on 6) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 6, further comprising a single coplanar waveguide feed coupled to each of said first and second impedance transformers. ### Claim 13 A 180° hybrid coupler, comprising: a first impedance network and a second impedance network, each configured as a balun and having a first characteristic impedance; a first and second input node, and a first and second output node; said first and second input node of said first impedance network respectively connected to said first and second input node of said second impedance network; a third impedance network and a fourth impedance network, each configured as a balun and having a second characteristic impedance, a first and second input node, and a first and second output node; a first output node of said first impedance network connected to said first input node of said third impedance network, and said second output node of said first impedance network connected to said second input node of said fourth impedance network; said first output node of said second impedance network connected to a first input node of said fourth impedance network, and said second output node of said second impedance network connected to said second input node of said third impedance network; a first resistor connected between said second output nodes of said first impedance network and said second impedance network; a second resistor connected between said first output nodes of said first impedance network and said second impedance network; wherein said first, second, third, and fourth impedance networks are configured to produce a first output signal from said third impedance network which is approximately 180 degrees out of phase relative to a second output signal from said fourth impedance network when an input signal is applied to said first and second impedance networks. ### Claim 14 (depends on 13) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 13, wherein at least one of said first, second, third, and fourth impedance networks are formed from a length of transmission line. ### Claim 15 (depends on 14) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 14, wherein said transmission line is coplanar stripline. ### Claim 16 (depends on 15) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 15, wherein said coplanar stripline is disposed in a spiral configuration. ### Claim 17 (depends on 16) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 16, wherein said spiral configuration is a rectangular spiral configuration. ### Claim 18 (depends on 13) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 13, further comprising a coplanar waveguide feed coupled to each of said first and second impedance networks. ### Claim 19 (depends on 13) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 13, wherein said first characteristic impedance is a different value compared to said second characteristic impedance. ### Claim 20 (depends on 13) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 13, wherein said first characteristic impedance value is approximately equal to the product of the second characteristic impedance and √2. ### Claim 21 (depends on 13) The 180° hybrid coupler according to claim 13, wherein at least one of said first resistor and said second resistor has a resistance value approximately equal to a value of said second characteristic impedance.