# US 7,746,042 B2 · Low-noise DC/DC converter with controlled diode conduction

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- Number: US 7,746,042 B2
- Document ID: US7746042B2
- Status: Granted
- Kind: B2
- Application number: 11/890,947
- Filed: 2007-08-08
- Published: 2008-04-10
- Granted: 2010-06-29
- Earliest claimed: 2006-10-05
- Assignees: Advanced Analogic Technologies, Inc.
- Inventors: Richard K. Williams; Kevin P. D'Angelo
- Web page: https://patentgrep.com/patent/US7746042B2

## CPC

- H02M 1/38: Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
- H02M 3/1588: {comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element (H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence)}
- H02M 1/0029: {Circuits or arrangements for limiting the slope of switching signals, e.g. slew rate}
- Y02B 70/10: Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
- H02M: APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF (transformers H01F; dynamo-electric converters H02K47/00; controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, control or regulation of electric motors, generators or dynamo-electric converters H02P)
- Y02B: CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS

## Abstract

The synchronous rectifier MOSFET in a Buck or boost DC/DC converter is operated as a current source rather than being turned off, thereby reducing undesirable losses in efficiency, the generation of unwanted electrical and radiated noise, and numerous other potential problems, particularly when the converter is operating in a light-load condition.

## Claims

### Claim 1

A method of converting a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage using a switched inductor voltage converter, the switched inductor voltage converter comprising a main MOSFET, a synchronous rectifier MOSFET, and an inductor, the method comprising: switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET between a fully-on state and a low-current state, wherein the synchronous rectifier MOSFET is never turned fully off and carries a current in the range of 0.5 A to 5 A in the fully-on state and a current in the range of 1 μA to 1 mA in the low-current state; and operating the switched inductor voltage converter in a switching sequence comprising a magnetization interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned on, a first break-before-make interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned off; a recirculation interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned off and the synchronous rectifier MOSFET is switched to the fully-on state, a second break-before-make interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned off and the synchronous rectifier MOFET is switched to the low current state, and a diode recovery interval.

### Claim 2 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the magnetization interval.

### Claim 3 (depends on 2)

The method of claim 2 comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the first break-before-make interval.

### Claim 4 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the diode recovery interval.

### Claim 5 (depends on 1)

The method of claim 1 comprising operating the switched inductor voltage converter in a light-load condition wherein the switching sequence comprises a current reversal interval following the recirculation interval, the method comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the current reversal interval.

### Claim 6

A method of converting a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage using a switched inductor voltage converter, the switched inductor voltage converter comprising a synchronous rectifier MOSFET, a power MOSFET and an inductor, the method comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET between a fully-on state and a low-current state, wherein the synchronous rectifier MOSFET is never turned fully off and carries a current in the range of 5 A to 50 A in the fully-on state and a current in the range of 100 μA to 300 mA in the low-current state.

### Claim 7 (depends on 6)

The method of claim 6 comprising operating the switched inductor voltage converter in a switching sequence comprising a magnetization interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned on, a first break-before-make interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned off a recirculation interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned off and the synchronous rectifier MOSFET is switched to the fully-on state, a second break-before-make interval wherein the main MOSFET is turned off, and a diode recovery interval, the method comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low current state in the second break-before-make interval.

### Claim 8 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7 comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the magnetization interval.

### Claim 9 (depends on 8)

The method of claim 8 comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the first break-before-make interval.

### Claim 10 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7 comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the diode recovery interval.

### Claim 11 (depends on 7)

The method of claim 7 comprising operating the switched inductor voltage converter in a light-load condition wherein the switching sequence comprises a current reversal interval following the recirculation interval, the method comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET to the low-current state in the current reversal interval.

### Claim 12

A method of converting a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage comprising:
providing a circuit, the circuit comprising a first MOSFET, a second MOSFET and an inductor;
connecting the first DC voltage to the circuit; and
switching the MOSFETs, the first MOSFET being switched repeatedly between an on condition and an off condition, the second MOSFET being switched repeatedly between an on condition and a condition wherein the second MOSFET operates as a current source;
the method further comprising switching the MOSFETs in a sequence consisting of:
a first period wherein the first MOSFET is maintained in an on condition and the second MOSFET is operated solely as a current source, followed by;
a second period wherein the first MOSFET is maintained in an off condition and the second MOSFET is operated as a current source, followed by;
a third period wherein the first MOSFET is maintained in an off condition and the second MOSFET is maintained in an on condition, followed by;
a fourth period wherein the first MOSFET is maintained in an off condition and the second MOSFET is operated as a current source, and
repeating said sequence, wherein said fourth period of the sequence is immediately followed by the first period of the repetition of the sequence.

### Claim 13 (depends on 12)

The method of claim 12 wherein operating the second MOSFET as a current source comprises applying a voltage between 10% and 125% of the extrapolated threshold voltage of the second MOSFET to the gate of the second MOSFET.

### Claim 14 (depends on 13)

The method of claim 13 wherein operating the second MOSFET as a current source comprises applying a voltage between 25% and 100% of the extrapolated threshold voltage of the second MOSFET to the gate of the second MOSFET.

### Claim 15

A method of converting a first DC voltage to a second DC voltage using a switched inductor voltage converter, the switched inductor voltage converter comprising a main MOSFET, a synchronous rectifier MOSFET, and an inductor, the method comprising switching the synchronous rectifier MOSFET between a fully-on state and a low-current state, the synchronous rectifier MOSFET never being in a fully-off state, wherein in the low-current state the synchronous rectifier MOSFET carries a low-current and in the fully-on state the synchronous rectifier MOSFET carries a high-current, the magnitude of the low-current being at least ten (10) times greater than a leakage current in the synchronous rectifier MOSFET when a gate-to-source voltage in the synchronous rectifier MOSFET is equal to zero and no greater than ten percent (10%) of a magnitude of the high-current.

### Claim 16 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 wherein the magnitude of the low-current is no greater than one percent (1%) of the magnitude of the high-current.

### Claim 17 (depends on 16)

The method of claim 16 wherein the magnitude of the low-current is at least one hundred (100) times greater the leakage current.

### Claim 18 (depends on 15)

The method of claim 15 wherein the magnitude of the low-current is at least one hundred (100) times greater the leakage current.