Coated substrates, organometallic films and methods for applying organometallic films to substrates

A coated article comprising:

• a) a polymer substrate and adhered to the substrate surface
• b) an organometallic film comprising a polymeric metal oxide with alkoxide and hydroxyl groups that covalently bond to the substrate and in which the metal has electrons in the f orbital or is niobium;
• and in which the polymeric metal oxide is of the structure:
• [M(O)x(OH)y(OR)z]n
• where M is the metal, R is an alkyl group containing from 1 to 30 carbon atoms;
• x+y+z=V the valence of M;
• x is at least 1, y is at least 1, z is at least 1;
• x=V−y−z;
• y=V−x−z;
• z=V−x−y;
• n is greater than 2;
• c) adhered to the organometallic film a different film derived from an organophosphorus acid that has groups reactive with the alkoxide and hydroxyl groups of the organometallic film and in which the organophosphorus acid is selected from a phosphoric acid, a phosphonic acid, and a phosphinic acid and derivatives thereof.